Bhatti Faraz, Engel Grischan, Hampel Joachim, Khalil Chaimae, Reber Andreas, Kray Stefan, Greiner Thomas
Department of Engineering, Pforzheim University, 75175 Pforzheim, Germany.
Pyramid Computer GmbH, 79111 Freiburg, Germany.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Sep 6;23(18):7680. doi: 10.3390/s23187680.
Thermal imaging cameras and infrared (IR) temperature measurement devices act as state-of-the-art techniques for non-contact temperature determination of the skin surface. The former is cost-intensive in many cases for widespread application, and the latter requires manual alignment to the measuring point. Due to this background, this paper proposes a new method for automated, non-contact, and area-specific temperature measurement of the facial skin surface. It is based on the combined use of a low-cost thermopile sensor matrix and a 2D image sensor. The temperature values as well as the 2D image data are fused using a parametric affine transformation. Based on face recognition, this allows temperature values to be assigned to selected facial regions and used specifically to determine the skin surface temperature. The advantages of the proposed method are described. It is demonstrated by means of a participant study that the temperature absolute values, which are achieved without manual alignment in an automated manner, are comparable to a commercially available IR-based forehead thermometer.
热成像相机和红外（IR）温度测量设备是用于非接触式测定皮肤表面温度的先进技术。前者在许多情况下成本高昂，难以广泛应用，而后者需要手动对准测量点。基于此背景，本文提出了一种用于面部皮肤表面自动、非接触且特定区域温度测量的新方法。该方法基于低成本热电堆传感器矩阵和二维图像传感器的联合使用。温度值以及二维图像数据通过参数仿射变换进行融合。基于人脸识别，这使得温度值能够被分配到选定的面部区域，并专门用于确定皮肤表面温度。文中描述了所提方法的优点。通过一项受试者研究表明，以自动方式无需手动对准所获得的温度绝对值与市售的基于红外的额头温度计相当。
