Mahmoud Sara H, Khalil Ahmed A, Abo Shama Noura M, El Sayed Marwa F, Soliman Reem A, Hagag Naglaa M, Yehia Nahed, Naguib Mahmoud M, Arafa Abdel-Sattar, Ali Mohamed A, El-Safty Mounir M, Mostafa Ahmed
Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt.
Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Abbasia, Cairo 11381, Egypt.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Aug 22;11(9):1397. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11091397.
Controlling avian influenza viruses (AIVs) is mainly based on culling of the infected bird flocks or via the implementation of inactivated vaccines in countries where AIVs are considered to be endemic. Over the last decade, several avian influenza virus subtypes, including highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.2.1.2, H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4b and the recent H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, have been reported among poultry populations in Egypt. This demanded the utilization of a nationwide routine vaccination program in the poultry sector. Antigenic differences between available avian influenza vaccines and the currently circulating H5Nx strains were reported, calling for an updated vaccine for homogenous strains. In this study, three H5Nx vaccines were generated by utilizing the reverse genetic system: rgH5N1_2.3.4.4, rgH5N8_2.3.4.4 and rgH5N1_2.2.1.2. Further, the immunogenicity and the cross-reactivity of the generated inactivated vaccines were assessed in the chicken model against a panel of homologous and heterologous H5Nx HPAIVs. Interestingly, the rgH5N1_2.3.4.4 induced high immunogenicity in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken and could efficiently protect immunized chickens against challenge infection with HPAIV H5N1_2.3.4.4, H5N8_2.3.4.4 and H5N1_2.2.1.2. In parallel, the rgH5N1_2.2.1.2 could partially protect SPF chickens against infection with HPAIV H5N1_2.3.4.4 and H5N8_2.3.4.4. Conversely, the raised antibodies to rgH5N1_2.3.4.4 could provide full protection against HPAIV H5N1_2.3.4.4 and HPAIV H5N8_2.3.4.4, and partial protection (60%) against HPAIV H5N1_2.2.1.2. Compared to rgH5N8_2.3.4.4 and rgH5N1_2.2.1.2 vaccines, chickens vaccinated with rgH5N1_2.3.4.4 showed lower viral shedding following challenge infection with the predefined HPAIVs. These data emphasize the superior immunogenicity and cross-protective efficacy of the rgH5N1_2.3.4.4 in comparison to rgH5N8_2.3.4.4 and rgH5N1_2.2.1.2.
控制禽流感病毒(AIV)主要基于扑杀受感染禽群,或在被认为是AIV地方流行的国家通过实施灭活疫苗来实现。在过去十年中,埃及家禽群体中报告了几种禽流感病毒亚型,包括高致病性禽流感(HPAI)H5N1进化分支2.2.1.2、H5N8进化分支2.3.4.4b以及最近的H5N1进化分支2.3.4.4b。这就需要在家禽行业实施全国性的常规疫苗接种计划。据报道,现有的禽流感疫苗与当前流行H5Nx毒株之间存在抗原差异,因此需要一种针对同源毒株的更新疫苗。在本研究中,利用反向遗传系统制备了三种H5Nx疫苗:rgH5N1_2.3.4.4、rgH5N8_2.3.4.4和rgH5N1_2.2.1.2。此外,在鸡模型中针对一组同源和异源H5Nx HPAIV评估了所制备灭活疫苗的免疫原性和交叉反应性。有趣的是,rgH5N1_2.3.4.4在无特定病原体(SPF)鸡中诱导了高免疫原性,并且能够有效保护免疫鸡免受HPAIV H5N1_2.3.4.4、H5N8_2.3.4.4和H5N1_2.2.1.2的攻击感染。同时,rgH5N1_2.2.1.2可以部分保护SPF鸡免受HPAIV H5N1_2.3.4.4和H5N8_2.3.4.4的感染。相反,针对rgH5N1_2.3.4.4产生的抗体可以提供针对HPAIV H5N1_2.3.4.4和HPAIV H5N8_2.3.4.4的完全保护,以及针对HPAIV H5N1_2.2.1.2的部分保护(60%)。与rgH5N8_2.3.4.4和rgH5N1_2.2.1.2疫苗相比,接种rgH5N1_2.3.4.4的鸡在受到预定义HPAIV攻击感染后病毒载量较低。这些数据强调了rgH5N1_2.3.4.4与rgH5N8_2.3.4.4和rgH5N1_2.2.1.2相比具有卓越的免疫原性和交叉保护效力。