Xie Zimin, Yang Jiayun, Jiao Wanlin, Li Xueqing, Iqbal Munir, Liao Ming, Dai Manman
National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
UK-China Center of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
J Virol. 2025 Jun 17;99(6):e0042425. doi: 10.1128/jvi.00424-25. Epub 2025 May 9.
Since 2020, the clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses have caused unprecedented outbreaks in wild birds and domestic poultry globally, resulting in significant ecological damage and economic losses due to the disease and enforced stamp-out control. In addition to the avian hosts, the H5N1 viruses have expanded their host range to infect many mammalian species, potentially increasing the zoonotic risk. Here, we review the current knowns and unknowns of clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI H5N1 viruses, and we highlight common challenges in prevention. By integrating our knowledge of viral evolution and ecology, we aim to identify discrepancies and knowledge gaps for a more comprehensive understanding of the virus. Ultimately, this review will serve as a theoretical foundation for researchers involved in related avian influenza virus studies, aiding in improved control and prevention of H5N1 viruses.
自2020年以来，2.3.4.4b分支高致病性禽流感（HPAI）H5N1病毒在全球范围内的野生鸟类和家禽中引发了前所未有的疫情，由于该疾病以及强制扑杀控制措施，造成了重大的生态破坏和经济损失。除了禽类宿主外，H5N1病毒还扩大了其宿主范围，感染了许多哺乳动物物种，这可能增加人畜共患病风险。在此，我们综述了2.3.4.4b分支HPAI H5N1病毒的已知和未知情况，并强调了预防方面的常见挑战。通过整合我们对病毒进化和生态学的认识，我们旨在找出差异和知识空白，以便更全面地了解该病毒。最终，本综述将为从事相关禽流感病毒研究的人员提供理论基础，有助于改进对H5N1病毒的控制和预防。
