Program Doktor Ilmu Biomedik Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Department of Histology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gunadarma, Depok, Indonesia.
Cell Physiol Biochem. 2023 Sep 26;57(5):345-359. doi: 10.33594/000000662.
The liver is the main metabolic organ and functions to regulate many physiological functions in the human body. Approximately 70% of liver mass consists of hepatic cells (hepatocytes), which execute the liver's metabolic processes. When liver damage progresses to a chronic condition, such as end-stage liver disease (ESLD) or cirrhosis of the liver, the patient's only option for therapy is organ transplantation if the supply of available transplanted organs is insufficient to meet the patient's needs. The fundamental objective of the search for alternatives to organ transplantation has been to make liver tissue replacement more accessible and to produce hepatic and bioartificial liver tissue. Multiple hepatic cell lineages can be formed from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from embryoid bodies to become mature hepatocytes. hiPSCs also show a promising source for manufacturing human liver spheroids and are made to produce three-dimensional hepatobiliary organoids, and in some ways, it also briefly highlights important features of early hepatogenesis. Unquestionably, the art of cell culture has evolved to include the use of organoid technology as a resource for learning human biology in the context of health and illness. Organoids are essentially miniature organs that can grow in a three-dimensional matrix to resemble genuine organs in terms of both structure and function. This review summarized alternative protocols to differentiate hepatocytes from iPSC and to produce liver organoids based on iPSC in various ways. The growth of human iPSCs into liver organoids has been accomplished using several procedures.
肝脏是主要的代谢器官，负责调节人体的许多生理功能。大约 70%的肝脏质量由肝细胞（hepatocytes）组成，这些细胞执行肝脏的代谢过程。当肝损伤进展为慢性疾病，如终末期肝病（ESLD）或肝硬化时，如果可用于移植的器官供应不足以满足患者的需求，那么患者唯一的治疗选择就是器官移植。寻找器官移植替代方案的根本目标是使肝脏组织替代更加容易，并生产肝组织和生物人工肝组织。多个人类诱导多能干细胞（hiPSCs）谱系可以从胚胎体中形成成熟的肝细胞。hiPSCs 也为制造人类肝球体提供了有希望的来源，并被用于生产三维肝胆类器官，在某种程度上，它还简要地突出了早期肝发生的重要特征。毫无疑问，细胞培养技术已经发展到包括使用类器官技术作为在健康和疾病背景下学习人类生物学的资源。类器官本质上是微型器官，可以在三维基质中生长，在结构和功能上类似于真正的器官。本综述总结了从 iPSC 分化肝细胞并以多种方式生成基于 iPSC 的肝类器官的替代方案。已经使用几种程序将人类 iPSCs 生长为肝类器官。
