Werts Samantha J, Robles-Morales Rogelio, Bea Jennifer W, Thomson Cynthia A
Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
J Cancer Surviv. 2025 Feb;19(1):253-269. doi: 10.1007/s11764-023-01464-4. Epub 2023 Sep 28.
Little is known about the intersection between age and rurality as characteristics that impact lifestyle behavior change for cancer survivors. This review aims to summarize the current literature on lifestyle behavior change interventions conducted among rural survivors of cancer, with an emphasis on older survivors.
A systematic search of five databases identified randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials that targeted diet, physical activity, alcohol consumption, or tobacco use change in adult cancer survivors living in rural areas of the world.
Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted in either Australia or the USA, included survivors at least 6 weeks post-treatment, and half included only breast cancer survivors, while the other four included a mix of cancer types. All but one had a physical activity component. No articles addressed changes in alcohol or tobacco behavior. Seven (87.5%) had a fully remote or hybrid delivery model. Most of the physical activity interventions showed significant changes in physical activity outcomes, while the dietary interventions showed changes of clinical but not statistical significance.
Few studies have been conducted to implement and evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle behavior change interventions among older rural survivors of cancer. Future research should evaluate the acceptability and relevancy of adapted, evidence-based intervention with this population.
Effective diet and physical activity interventions exist, albeit limited in terms of effective lifestyle behavior change intervention tailored to older, rural survivors of cancer, particularly in relation to alcohol and tobacco behaviors.
关于年龄和农村地区状况这两个影响癌症幸存者生活方式行为改变的特征之间的交叉情况，人们了解甚少。本综述旨在总结目前关于针对农村癌症幸存者开展的生活方式行为改变干预措施的文献，重点关注老年幸存者。
对五个数据库进行系统检索，以确定针对全球农村地区成年癌症幸存者饮食、身体活动、饮酒或吸烟行为改变的随机对照试验和对照临床试验。
八项研究符合纳入标准。大多数研究在美国或澳大利亚开展，纳入了治疗后至少6周的幸存者，其中一半仅纳入乳腺癌幸存者，另外四项纳入了多种癌症类型的幸存者。除一项研究外，其他所有研究均包含身体活动部分。没有文章涉及饮酒或吸烟行为的变化。七项研究（87.5%）采用了完全远程或混合式交付模式。大多数身体活动干预措施在身体活动结果方面显示出显著变化，而饮食干预措施显示出有临床意义但无统计学意义的变化。
针对老年农村癌症幸存者实施和评估生活方式行为改变干预措施有效性的研究很少。未来的研究应评估针对该人群的适应性循证干预措施的可接受性和相关性。
有效的饮食和身体活动干预措施是存在的，尽管在为老年农村癌症幸存者量身定制有效的生活方式行为改变干预措施方面存在局限，尤其是在饮酒和吸烟行为方面。
