Department of Psychology, School of Education, Soochow University.
Human Information Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Social Sciences/Psychology, Tampere University.
Emotion. 2024 Apr;24(3):759-768. doi: 10.1037/emo0001304. Epub 2023 Sep 28.
The perception of another individual's gaze direction is not a low-level, stimulus-driven visual process but a higher-level process that can be top-down modulated, for example, by emotion and theory of mind. The present study investigated the influence of directed (self vs. other) and emotional (positive vs. negative) speech on judging whether another individual's gaze or an arrow is directed toward the self or not. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that participants perceived a wider range of gaze deviations as looking at them when the speech was directed to themselves versus others. Importantly, the emotion in speech also impacted gaze judgments, but only when the speech was related to the participants themselves: the gaze cone was greater for positive than for negative self-relevant speech. This pattern of results was observed regardless of whether the speech was task-relevant (Experiment 1) or task-irrelevant (Experiment 2). Additionally, the results from Experiment 3 showed that the directed and emotional information in the speech had no impact on the judgments of the direction of an arrow. These findings expand our knowledge of the interaction between the perception of emotions and gaze direction and emphasize the significance of self-relevance in modulating this interaction. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
他人注视方向的感知不是一种低级的、受刺激驱动的视觉过程，而是一种高级的过程，可以被自上而下的调节，例如通过情绪和心理理论。本研究调查了指向（自我与他人）和情绪（积极与消极）的言语对判断另一个人的注视或箭头是否指向自己的影响。实验 1 和 2 表明，当言语是针对自己而不是他人时，参与者会将更大范围的注视偏差感知为在看自己。重要的是，言语中的情绪也会影响注视判断，但只有当言语与参与者自身有关时才会如此：与负面的自我相关的言语相比，积极的自我相关的言语的注视锥更大。无论言语是否与任务相关（实验 1），这种结果模式都存在（实验 2）。此外，实验 3 的结果表明，言语中的指向和情绪信息对箭头方向的判断没有影响。这些发现扩展了我们对情绪感知和注视方向之间相互作用的认识，并强调了自我相关性在调节这种相互作用中的重要性。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2024 APA，保留所有权利）。
