Graham Reiko, LaBar Kevin S
Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Emotion. 2007 May;7(2):296-313. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.7.2.296.
The relationship between facial expression and gaze processing was investigated with the Garner selective attention paradigm. In Experiment 1, participants performed expression judgments without interference from gaze, but expression interfered with gaze judgments. Experiment 2 replicated these results across different emotions. In both experiments, expression judgments occurred faster than gaze judgments, suggesting that expression was processed before gaze could interfere. In Experiments 3 and 4, the difficulty of the emotion discrimination was increased in two different ways. In both cases, gaze interfered with emotion judgments and vice versa. Furthermore, increasing the difficulty of the emotion discrimination resulted in gaze and expression interactions. Results indicate that expression and gaze interactions are modulated by discriminability. Whereas expression generally interferes with gaze judgments, gaze direction modulates expression processing only when facial emotion is difficult to discriminate.
采用加纳选择性注意范式对面部表情与注视加工之间的关系进行了研究。在实验1中，参与者在不受注视干扰的情况下进行表情判断，但表情会干扰注视判断。实验2在不同情绪下重复了这些结果。在两个实验中，表情判断都比注视判断发生得更快，这表明表情在注视产生干扰之前就已被加工。在实验3和实验4中，通过两种不同方式增加了情绪辨别难度。在这两种情况下，注视都会干扰情绪判断，反之亦然。此外，增加情绪辨别难度会导致注视与表情之间的相互作用。结果表明，表情与注视之间的相互作用受可辨别性调节。虽然表情通常会干扰注视判断，但只有当面部情绪难以辨别时，注视方向才会调节表情加工。
