Spagnolo Alena, Klug Sebastian, Schenkl Christina, Schwarzer Michael
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
Compr Physiol. 2023 Sep 28;13(4):5115-5155. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c230004.
Exercise capacity of an individual describes the ability to perform physical activity. This exercise capacity is influenced by intrinsic factors such as genetic constitution and extrinsic factors such as exercise training. On the metabolic level exercise and metabolism are linked. As an important site of metabolism and the main source for ATP needed for muscle contraction, mitochondrial function can determine exercise capacity, and exercise inversely influences mitochondrial function. It has been suggested that exercise mediates many of its effects due to such metabolic changes. Although extrinsic factors affect exercise capacity, a major part of an individual's exercise capacity is genetically determined, and extrinsic factors can only improve on this baseline. Looking at the effect of exercise capacity on and with disease, the two go hand in hand. On one hand, disease is negatively affecting an individual's exercise capacity; on the other hand, exercise offers an effective treatment option. Combining these factors, exercise capacity is an often-ignored prognostic variable for life expectancy as well as morbidity and mortality. In this review, we aim to provide the current knowledge on the links between inherited and acquired exercise capacity, as well as the mechanisms in which metabolism interacts with exercise capacity. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:5115-5155, 2023.
个体的运动能力描述了进行体力活动的能力。这种运动能力受到诸如基因构成等内在因素以及诸如运动训练等外在因素的影响。在代谢层面，运动与代谢相互关联。作为代谢的重要场所以及肌肉收缩所需ATP的主要来源，线粒体功能能够决定运动能力，而运动则会反向影响线粒体功能。有人提出，运动因其引发的此类代谢变化而介导了其许多效应。尽管外在因素会影响运动能力，但个体运动能力的很大一部分是由基因决定的，外在因素只能在这个基础上加以改善。审视运动能力对疾病的影响以及运动与疾病的关系，二者密切相关。一方面，疾病会对个体的运动能力产生负面影响；另一方面，运动提供了一种有效的治疗选择。综合这些因素，运动能力是一个常常被忽视的、关乎预期寿命以及发病率和死亡率的预后变量。在本综述中，我们旨在提供有关遗传和后天获得的运动能力之间联系的当前知识，以及代谢与运动能力相互作用的机制。© 2023美国生理学会。《综合生理学》13:5115 - 5155, 2023。
