Department of Emergency Medicine, TYKS Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, TYKS Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
BMJ Open. 2023 Sep 29;13(9):e073876. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073876.
The aim of the study was to evaluate concurrent changes in physical activity and self-rated health during retirement transition over 4 years by multivariate trajectory analysis and to examine whether sociodemographic and lifestyle factors predict the probability of being classified to a certain subgroup of observed changes.
Prospective cohort study.
Public sector employees.
3550 participants of the Finnish Retirement and Aging study.
Participants estimated on a yearly questionnaire their weekly hours of different types of activities converted to metabolic equivalent of task-hour/week. Self-rated health was assessed on a 5-point Likert-like scale from poor to excellent and dichotomised as suboptimal and optimal. Multivariate trajectory analysis was used to distinguish different subgroups of trajectories. Multinomial regression analysis was used to describe the associations between covariates and the probability of being classified to a certain trajectory group.
Three trajectory groups were identified, all displaying increasing activity during retirement with a simultaneous decrease in perceived suboptimal health. Physical activity peaked at 18 months after retirement and then slightly decreased, except for initially highly physically active participants (9%) with good self-rated health, who demonstrated a constant high level of physical activity. Male gender, professional occupation, being married or cohabiting, body mass index <30 kg/m, not smoking and using alcohol below risk levels were associated with higher physical activity and better self-rated health.
Changes in physical activity and perceived health during retirement transition were interconnected. Both were improved during retirement transition, but the change was temporary. Longer follow-up studies are required to assess the changes over a longer period after retirement.
本研究旨在通过多元轨迹分析评估退休过渡期间 4 年内身体活动和自我报告健康状况的同时变化，并检验社会人口统计学和生活方式因素是否预测被归类为观察到的变化的特定亚组的概率。
前瞻性队列研究。
公共部门员工。
芬兰退休和衰老研究的 3550 名参与者。
参与者每年在问卷中估计他们不同类型活动的每周小时数，换算为任务小时/周的代谢当量。自我报告的健康状况采用 5 点李克特样标度进行评估，从差到优，并分为次优和优。多元轨迹分析用于区分不同的轨迹亚组。多变量回归分析用于描述协变量与被分类到特定轨迹组的概率之间的关系。
确定了 3 个轨迹组，所有组在退休期间的活动均增加，同时感知到的次优健康状况下降。体力活动在退休后 18 个月达到峰值，然后略有下降，除了最初身体活动水平较高（9%）且自我报告健康状况良好的参与者，他们表现出持续的高水平体力活动。男性、专业职业、已婚或同居、体重指数<30kg/m2、不吸烟和饮酒低于风险水平与较高的体力活动和更好的自我报告健康状况相关。
退休过渡期间身体活动和感知健康状况的变化是相互关联的。在退休过渡期间，两者都有所改善，但变化是暂时的。需要进行更长时间的随访研究，以评估退休后更长时间的变化。
