Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India.
Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Gujarat, Kherva, 384012, India.
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2023 Dec;149(19):17607-17634. doi: 10.1007/s00432-023-05429-z. Epub 2023 Sep 30.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment that kills cancer cells selectively by stimulating reactive oxygen species generation with photosensitizers exposed to specific light wavelengths. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a widely used photosensitizer. However, its limited tumour penetration and targeting reduce its therapeutic efficacy. Scholars have investigated nano-delivery techniques to improve 5-ALA administration and efficacy in PDT. This review summarises recent advances in biological host biosynthetic pathways and regulatory mechanisms for 5-ALA production. The review also highlights the potential therapeutic efficacy of various 5-ALA nano-delivery modalities, such as nanoparticles, liposomes, and gels, in treating various cancers. Although promising, 5-ALA nano-delivery methods face challenges that could impair targeting and efficacy. To determine their safety and biocompatibility, extensive preclinical and clinical studies are required. This study highlights the potential of 5-ALA-NDSs to improve PDT for cancer treatment, as well as the need for additional research to overcome barriers and improve medical outcomes.
光动力疗法（PDT）是一种有前途的癌症治疗方法，它通过在特定波长的光下暴露光敏剂来刺激活性氧的产生，从而有选择性地杀死癌细胞。5-氨基酮戊酸（5-ALA）是一种广泛使用的光敏剂。然而，其有限的肿瘤穿透性和靶向性降低了其治疗效果。学者们研究了纳米递药技术，以改善 PDT 中 5-ALA 的给药和疗效。本综述总结了 5-ALA 产生的生物宿主生物合成途径和调控机制的最新进展。综述还强调了各种 5-ALA 纳米递药方式，如纳米粒、脂质体和凝胶，在治疗各种癌症中的潜在治疗效果。尽管有前景，但 5-ALA 纳米递药方法面临着可能影响靶向性和疗效的挑战。为了确定它们的安全性和生物相容性，需要进行广泛的临床前和临床研究。本研究强调了 5-ALA-NDS 提高癌症治疗 PDT 的潜力，以及克服障碍和改善医疗效果所需的进一步研究。
