Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Nov 10;25(22):12069. doi: 10.3390/ijms252212069.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach owing to its non-invasive nature and minimal toxicity. PDT involves the administration of a photosensitizing agent (PS), which, upon light activation, induces a photodynamic reaction (PDR), leading to targeted cell destruction. However, developing resistance to PDT poses a significant challenge to its effectiveness. Various factors, including properties and administration of PSs, mediate this resistance. Despite the widespread use of substances like 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and protoporphyrin, their efficacy is limited due to restricted tumor penetration and a lack of tumor targeting. To address these limitations, nano-delivery techniques and newer PSs like Aza-BODIPY and its derivatives, which offer enhanced tissue penetration, are being explored. In this paper, we provide an overview of resistance mechanisms in PDT and discuss novel methods, substances, and technologies to overcome resistance to improve clinical outcomes in tumor treatment.
光动力疗法（PDT）因其非侵入性和低毒性而成为一种很有前途的治疗方法。PDT 涉及光敏剂（PS）的给药，PS 在光激活后引发光动力反应（PDR），导致靶向细胞破坏。然而，对 PDT 的耐药性是对其有效性的重大挑战。包括 PS 的性质和给药方式在内的各种因素介导了这种耐药性。尽管像 5-氨基酮戊酸（5-ALA）和原卟啉这样的物质被广泛使用，但由于肿瘤穿透受限和缺乏肿瘤靶向性，它们的疗效有限。为了解决这些限制，正在探索纳米递药技术和新型 PS，如 Aza-BODIPY 及其衍生物，它们具有增强的组织穿透性。本文概述了 PDT 中的耐药机制，并讨论了克服耐药性的新方法、物质和技术，以改善肿瘤治疗的临床结果。
