University Paul Valéry-Montpellier-France, EPSYLON, France; University Paris Nanterre, LICAE, France.
Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College, London, United Kingdom; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, London, United Kingdom.
Conscious Cogn. 2023 Oct;115:103579. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2023.103579. Epub 2023 Sep 28.
For a growing number of researchers, it is now accepted that the brain is a predictive organ that predicts the content of the sensorium and crucially the precision of-or confidence in-its own predictions. In order to predict the precision of its predictions, the brain has to infer the reliability of its own beliefs. This means that our brains have to recognise the precision of their predictions or, at least, their accuracy. In this paper, we argue that fluency is product of this recognition process. In short, to recognise fluency is to infer that we have a precise 'grip' on the unfolding processes that generate our sensations. More specifically, we propose that it is changes in fluency - from unfelt to felt - that are both recognised and realised when updating predictions about precision. Unfelt fluency orients attention to unpredicted sensations, while felt fluency supervenes on-and contextualises-unfelt fluency; thereby rendering certain attentional processes, phenomenologically opaque. As such, fluency underwrites the precision we place in our predictions and therefore acts upon our perceptual inferences. Hence, the causes of conscious subjective inference have unconscious perceptual precursors.
对于越来越多的研究人员来说，现在人们普遍认为大脑是一个预测器官，它可以预测感觉内容，关键是可以预测其自身预测的准确性或置信度。为了预测其预测的准确性，大脑必须推断其自身信念的可靠性。这意味着我们的大脑必须识别其预测的准确性，或者至少识别其准确性。在本文中，我们认为流畅度是这种识别过程的产物。简而言之，识别流畅度就是推断我们对产生感觉的展开过程有精确的“把握”。更具体地说，我们提出，正是流畅度的变化——从未感觉到感觉到——在更新关于精度的预测时被识别和实现。未感觉到的流畅度引导注意力去关注未预测到的感觉，而感觉到的流畅度则在未感觉到的流畅度上叠加并使未感觉到的流畅度语境化；从而使某些注意力过程在现象学上变得不透明。因此，流畅度支撑着我们对预测的准确性的判断，从而影响我们的感知推断。因此，有意识的主观推断的原因有无意识的感知前提。
