Song Yo Han, De Ranjit, Lee Kang Taek
Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, South Korea.
Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, South Korea; Department of Material Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2023 Oct;320:103008. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103008. Epub 2023 Sep 26.
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves as an essential interface between central nervous system (CNS) and its periphery, allowing selective permeation of ions, gaseous molecules, and other nutrients to maintain metabolic functions of brain. Concurrently, it restricts passage of unsolicited materials from bloodstream to CNS which could otherwise lead to neurotoxicity. Nevertheless, in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, and other brain cancers, drugs must reach CNS. Among various materials developed for this purpose, a few judiciously selected polymeric nanocarriers are reported to be highly prospective to facilitate BBB permeation. However, the challenge of transporting drug-loaded nanomaterials across this barrier remains formidable. Herein a concise analysis of recently employed strategies for designing polymeric nanocarriers to deliver therapeutics across BBB is presented. Impacts of 3Ss, namely, size, shape, and surface charge of polymeric nanocarriers on BBB permeation along with different ligands used for nanoparticle surface modification to achieve targeted delivery have been scrutinized. Finally, we elucidated future research directions in the context of designing smart polymeric nanocarriers for BBB permeation. This work aims to guide researchers engaged in polymeric nanocarrier design, helping them navigate where to begin, what challenges to address, and how to proceed effectively.
血脑屏障（BBB）是中枢神经系统（CNS）与其外周之间的重要界面，允许离子、气体分子和其他营养物质选择性渗透，以维持大脑的代谢功能。同时，它限制了不必要的物质从血液进入中枢神经系统，否则可能导致神经毒性。然而，在治疗帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、弥漫性内生性脑桥胶质瘤和其他脑癌等神经退行性疾病时，药物必须进入中枢神经系统。在为此目的开发的各种材料中，据报道，一些经过精心挑选的聚合物纳米载体在促进血脑屏障渗透方面具有很高的前景。然而，将载药纳米材料运输穿过这一屏障的挑战仍然巨大。本文对最近用于设计聚合物纳米载体以通过血脑屏障递送治疗药物的策略进行了简要分析。研究了聚合物纳米载体的3S，即尺寸、形状和表面电荷对血脑屏障渗透的影响，以及用于纳米颗粒表面修饰以实现靶向递送的不同配体。最后，我们阐述了在设计用于血脑屏障渗透的智能聚合物纳米载体方面的未来研究方向。这项工作旨在指导从事聚合物纳米载体设计的研究人员，帮助他们确定从何处开始、应对哪些挑战以及如何有效推进。
