Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Cell Commun Signal. 2023 Oct 2;21(1):272. doi: 10.1186/s12964-023-01240-y.
The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) is an intricate signaling cascade composed of various cytokines, interferons (IFN, growth factors, and other molecules. This pathway provides a delicate mechanism through which extracellular factors adjust gene expression, thereby acting as a substantial basis for environmental signals to influence cell growth and differentiation. The interactions between the JAK/STAT cascade and antiviral IFNs are critical to the host's immune response against viral microorganisms. Recently, with the emergence of therapeutic classes that target JAKs, the significance of this cascade has been recognized in an unprecedented way. Despite the functions of the JAK/STAT pathway in adjusting immune responses against viral pathogens, a vast body of evidence proposes the role of this cascade in the replication and pathogenesis of viral pathogens. In this article, we review the structure of the JAK/STAT signaling cascade and its role in immuno-inflammatory responses. We also highlight the paradoxical effects of this pathway in the pathogenesis of viral infections. Video Abstract.
Janus 激酶/信号转导和转录激活因子（JAK/STAT）是一个复杂的信号级联反应，由各种细胞因子、干扰素（IFN）、生长因子和其他分子组成。该途径提供了一个精细的机制，通过该机制，细胞外因子可以调节基因表达，从而成为环境信号影响细胞生长和分化的重要基础。JAK/STAT 级联反应与抗病毒 IFN 的相互作用对于宿主对病毒微生物的免疫反应至关重要。最近，随着靶向 JAK 的治疗类别出现，该级联反应的重要性以前所未有的方式得到了认可。尽管 JAK/STAT 途径在调节针对病毒病原体的免疫反应方面具有重要作用，但大量证据表明该级联在病毒病原体的复制和发病机制中发挥作用。在本文中，我们回顾了 JAK/STAT 信号转导级联的结构及其在免疫炎症反应中的作用。我们还强调了该途径在病毒感染发病机制中的矛盾作用。视频摘要。
