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调控生物膜可以增强新型塑料降解酶的活性。

Modulating biofilm can potentiate activity of novel plastic-degrading enzymes.

机构信息

Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.

出版信息

NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2023 Oct 3;9(1):72. doi: 10.1038/s41522-023-00440-1.

Abstract

Plastic pollution is an increasing global issue desperately requiring a solution. Only 9% of all plastic waste has been recycled, and whilst recycling gives a second life to plastic, it is costly and there are limited downstream uses of recycled plastic, therefore an alternative is urgently needed. Biodegradation of plastic by microorganisms is a developing field of interest with the potential for bioreactors to be used alongside recycling to degrade plastic that may otherwise be sent to landfill. Here, we have identified two novel polyethylene terephthalate (PET) degrading enzymes through genomic mining and characterised their activity, including their ability to degrade PET. One of the main roadblocks facing the development of microbial enzymes as a plastic biodegradation solution, is that their efficiency is too low to facilitate development as bioremediation tools. In an innovative approach to tackle this roadblock, we hypothesised that enhancing a bacteria's ability to attach to and form a biofilm on plastic could maximise the local concentration of the enzyme around the target substrate, therefore increasing the overall rate of plastic degradation. We found that increasing biofilm levels, by manipulating the levels of the second messenger, Cyclic-di-GMP, led to increased levels of polyester degradation in cells expressing novel and well characterised polyester-degrading enzymes. This indicates that modulating biofilm formation is a viable mechanism to fast track the development of bacterial plastic bioremediation solutions.

摘要

塑料污染是一个日益严重的全球性问题,急需解决方案。只有 9%的塑料垃圾得到了回收利用,虽然回收利用赋予了塑料第二次生命,但它成本高昂,而且回收塑料的下游用途有限,因此迫切需要替代品。微生物对塑料的生物降解是一个新兴的研究领域,有可能在回收利用的同时使用生物反应器来降解可能被送往垃圾填埋场的塑料。在这里,我们通过基因组挖掘发现了两种新型的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)降解酶,并对其活性进行了表征,包括它们降解 PET 的能力。微生物酶作为塑料生物降解解决方案开发所面临的主要障碍之一是,其效率太低,无法作为生物修复工具进行开发。为了应对这一障碍,我们提出了一个创新性的方法,假设增强细菌附着在塑料上并形成生物膜的能力可以最大限度地提高目标底物周围酶的局部浓度,从而提高塑料的整体降解率。我们发现,通过操纵第二信使环二鸟苷酸(Cyclic-di-GMP)的水平来增加生物膜水平,可导致表达新型和经过充分表征的聚酯降解酶的细胞中聚酯降解水平的提高。这表明,调节生物膜形成是加速细菌塑料生物修复解决方案发展的可行机制。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/21ec/10547765/c57a3a6183b1/41522_2023_440_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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