Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, South Korea.
Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Science, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Gyeongsang National University Medical School, Jinju, 52727, South Korea.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020 Apr 1;192:110309. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110309. Epub 2020 Feb 12.
In this study, chronic toxicity of three endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) used to make plastic products (i.e., bisphenol A (BPA), bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and nonylphenol (NP)) in a Korean resident fish (Cyprinus carpio), crustacean (Moina macrocopa) and green alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) species was tested. It was found that M. macrocopa was particularly sensitive to those EDCs, especially DEHP and NP. We exposed M. macrocopa to DEHP (0.0012-0.1 mg/L) and NP (0.00037-0.03 mg/L), and as a result, both chemicals significantly delayed the first day of reproduction. The no observed effect concentrations (NOECs) of DEHP and NP for this endpoint were determined to be 0.0012 and 0.00037 mg/L, respectively, which are far lower than NOECs for any other freshwater species. Existing water quality criteria of various governmental agencies do not consider the toxicity of those EDCs on M. macrocopa, and thus, use of the existing criteria for the risk assessment of the Korean freshwater environment may underestimate the ecological risk. This study recommends using the water quality criteria derived in this study (0.95 μg/L for DEHP and 0.16 μg/L for NP) based on the chronic toxicity data on Korean resident species including M. macrocopa for the aquatic ecological risk assessment in Korea rather than adopting the existing water quality criteria.
本研究测试了三种用于制造塑料制品的内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs）（即双酚 A（BPA）、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）和壬基酚（NP））对韩国本土鱼类（鲤鱼）、甲壳类动物（大型溞）和绿藻（假鱼腥藻）的慢性毒性。结果发现，大型溞对这些 EDCs 特别敏感，尤其是 DEHP 和 NP。我们将大型溞暴露于 DEHP（0.0012-0.1mg/L）和 NP（0.00037-0.03mg/L）中，结果这两种化学物质均显著延迟了繁殖的第一天。该终点的 DEHP 和 NP 的无观察效应浓度（NOEC）分别确定为 0.0012 和 0.00037mg/L，远低于其他任何淡水物种的 NOEC。各种政府机构的现有水质标准均未考虑这些 EDC 对大型溞的毒性，因此，在韩国淡水环境的风险评估中使用现有标准可能会低估生态风险。本研究建议使用根据韩国本土物种（包括大型溞）的慢性毒性数据得出的水质标准（DEHP 为 0.95μg/L，NP 为 0.16μg/L），而不是采用现有的水质标准，对韩国的水生生态风险进行评估。
