Henok Ephrem Araya, Manilal Aseer, Oumer Yisiak, Keyta Gebre, Birru Melkam, Desta Araya Birhane, Aklilu Addis, Alahmadi Reham Mosleh, Raman Gurusamy, Idhayadhulla Akbar
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia.
Infect Drug Resist. 2023 Sep 28;16:6405-6426. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S424927. eCollection 2023.
Bacterial otitis media (OM) is a common infection among the pediatric community worldwide and is the first reason for prescribing antibiotics in pediatric practices. However, if not promptly diagnosed and appropriately treated, it may persist and cause severe intra- and extra-cranial hard-to-cure complications. Hence, knowing the magnitude, etiology, and antibiotic susceptibility profile is very important for the proper management.
A cross-sectional study was carried out in 312 pediatrics (1 to 18 years) attending the Ear Nose Throat outpatient departments of the two title hospitals from 25 February to 30th August 2022. Patients were chosen through a systematic random sampling method. Data were obtained by means of a semi-structured questionnaire. Samples were collected to identify the causative bacteria as per microbiological guidelines. The antibiotic susceptibility test was done according to the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion; SPSS version 25 was used for the analysis.
The overall prevalence of otitis media was 67.3% (n=210); CSOM showed a slight preponderance (n=107) Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria were present in 59.8% (n=137) and 40.1% (n=92), respectively. Otitis media was predominantly caused by (n=52, 56.5%), followed by spp. (n=33, 24%). Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to co-trimoxazole, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin, and tetracycline, whereas their positive counterparts were considerably penicillin and co-trimoxazole resistant. Overall, 61.5 and 19.2% of the isolates were MDR and XDR, respectively. MRSA, MR-CoNs, and VRE were 38.4% (n=20), 17.1% (n=5), and 58.3% (n=12), respectively; 19.7% (n=25) of Gram-negative bacteria produced ESBL, and 7% (n=9) were carbapenem-resistant. History of exposure to loud noise [AOR=3.4; CI=1.14-10.23; P-value=0.028] and family history of smoking at home [AOR=2.9; CI=1.18-7.25; P-value=0.020] have the greatest odds of otitis media.
Overall, the prevalence of otitis media is showing an upward trend, and MDR among bacterial isolates is increasing alarmingly.
细菌性中耳炎（OM）是全球儿科群体中常见的感染性疾病，也是儿科临床中开具抗生素的首要原因。然而，如果未能及时诊断和恰当治疗，该病可能会持续存在并引发严重的颅内和颅外难以治愈的并发症。因此，了解其流行程度、病因及抗生素敏感性谱对于合理管理至关重要。
于2022年2月25日至8月30日在两家指定医院的耳鼻喉科门诊对312名1至18岁的儿科患者进行了一项横断面研究。通过系统随机抽样方法选取患者。借助半结构化问卷获取数据。按照微生物学指南采集样本以鉴定致病细菌。根据 Kirby-Bauer 纸片扩散法进行抗生素敏感性试验；使用SPSS 25版进行分析。
中耳炎的总体患病率为67.3%（n = 210）；慢性化脓性中耳炎（CSOM）略占多数（n = 107）。革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌分别占59.8%（n = 137）和40.1%（n = 92）。中耳炎主要由[具体细菌名称未给出]（n = 52，56.5%）引起，其次是[具体细菌名称未给出]属（n = 33，24%）。革兰氏阴性菌对复方新诺明、阿莫西林 - 克拉维酸、哌拉西林和四环素高度耐药，而革兰氏阳性菌对青霉素和复方新诺明耐药性相当。总体而言，分离株中61.5%和19.2%分别为多重耐药（MDR）和广泛耐药（XDR）。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）、耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MR-CoNs）和耐万古霉素肠球菌（VRE）分别占38.4%（n = 20）、17.1%（n = 5）和58.3%（n = 12）；19.7%（n = 25）的革兰氏阴性菌产生超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL），7%（n = 9）对碳青霉烯类耐药。接触高强度噪声史[AOR = 3.4；CI = 1.14 - 10.23；P值 = 0.028]和家庭吸烟史[AOR = 2.9；CI = 1.18 - 7.25；P值 = 0.020]患中耳炎的几率最高。
总体而言，中耳炎的患病率呈上升趋势，细菌分离株中的多重耐药情况正以惊人的速度增加。
