Biomedical Sciences Institute, Department of Research and Graduate Studies, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2010 Sep;28(3):174-81. doi: 10.1590/s1020-49892010000900007.
To estimate prevalence of type 2 diabetes (diabetes) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in the border region between the United States of America and Mexico, by ethnic origin and country of residence; identify risk factors associated with both conditions; and explore the extent to which these factors account for cross-border or ethnic disparities in prevalence.
From April 2001 to November 2002, Phase I of the U.S.-Mexico Border Diabetes Prevention and Control Project, a prevalence study of diabetes and its risk factors, was conducted at the U.S.-Mexico border using multistage cluster sampling. A questionnaire was administered on diabetes (self-reported) and lifestyle and a physical examination and blood sample were obtained. A total of 4,027 adults participated in the study: 2,120 Hispanics from the Mexican side of the border and 1,437 Hispanics and 470 non-Hispanics (of whom 385 were classified as "white") from the U.S. side of the border.
The age-adjusted prevalence of self-reported and unrecognized diabetes in Hispanics was 15.4% (16.6% on the Mexican side of the border and 14.7% on the U.S. side). The age-adjusted prevalence of IFG was similar on both sides of the border (14.1% on the Mexican side and 13.6% on the U.S. side).
Established risk factors for diabetes (e.g., age, obesity, and family history) were relevant and there was an inverse relationship between diabetes and education and socioeconomic level. While diabetes prevalence is high on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border, one-third of the cases remain undiagnosed, suggesting a need for development and implementation of a public health program for prevention, diagnosis, and control of diabetes in the region.
根据种族和居住国，估计美国和墨西哥边境地区 2 型糖尿病（糖尿病）和空腹血糖受损（IFG）的患病率；确定与这两种情况相关的危险因素；并探讨这些因素在多大程度上导致了跨境或族裔之间患病率的差异。
2001 年 4 月至 2002 年 11 月，美国-墨西哥边境糖尿病预防和控制项目（美国-墨西哥边境糖尿病预防和控制项目）第一阶段，采用多阶段聚类抽样方法，对糖尿病及其危险因素进行了患病率研究。问卷调查了糖尿病（自我报告）和生活方式以及体格检查和血样。共有 4027 名成年人参加了这项研究：2120 名来自边境墨西哥一侧的西班牙裔，1437 名来自边境美国一侧的西班牙裔和 470 名非西班牙裔（其中 385 名被归类为“白人”）。
调整年龄后，西班牙裔人群中自我报告和未确诊的糖尿病患病率为 15.4%（边境墨西哥一侧为 16.6%，边境美国一侧为 14.7%）。边境两侧 IFG 的调整年龄患病率相似（边境墨西哥一侧为 14.1%，边境美国一侧为 13.6%）。
糖尿病的既定危险因素（如年龄、肥胖和家族史）是相关的，糖尿病与教育和社会经济水平呈负相关。虽然美国-墨西哥边境两侧的糖尿病患病率都很高，但仍有三分之一的病例未被诊断出来，这表明需要制定和实施一项公共卫生计划，以预防、诊断和控制该地区的糖尿病。
