Buichia-Sombra Félix Gerardo, Dórame-López Norma Alicia, Miranda-Félix Patricia Enedina, Castro-Juarez Alejandro Arturo, Esparza-Romero Julián
Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Escuela Superior de Enfermería Los Mochis, Profesorado del Programa de Licenciatura en Enfermería, Los Mochis, Sinaloa.
Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C, Departamento de Nutrición Pública y Salud, Unidad de Investigación en Diabetes, Hermosillo, Sonora.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2020 May 18;58(3):317-327. doi: 10.24875/RMIMSS.M20000036.
Currently, diabetes represents a serious health problem, due to the complications it entails and because of its high mortality rate. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most prevalent and it is characterized by insulin resistance. The objective was to analyze the available scientific literature on prevalence and factors associated to T2DM in indigenous population of Mexico. Searches for articles published between 1990 and 2019 in English and Spanish were carried out in 13 electronic databases. Combinations of eight keywords were used according to the MeSH vocabulary. To select the studies, it was used the JBI’s Critical Appraisal Tools guide in Spanish for analytical prevalence studies. Out of 478, 12 cross-sectional studies reported T2DM prevalences from 12 indigenous groups located in Mexico: Huichol (0%), Mexican (0%), Tepehuano (0 and 0.83%), Mazateco (2.01%), Otomí (4.4%), Tojolabal (4.7%), Mixe (6.9%), Pima (6.9 and 9.0%), Zapoteco (8.7%), Maya (10.6%), Yaqui (18.3 and 14.8%) and Mixteco (19.0 and 26.2%). Factors associated with T2DM reported were being older, being female, less education level, presence of family history of T2DM, obesity, high blood pressure and increased waist-hip circumference. There is little evidence of the prevalence of T2DM in indigenous groups in Mexico. Studies found suggest a diversity of prevalences, ranging from lower to greater prevalences. Considering the risk factors associated with T2DM is essential to generate prevention strategies according to the context of each ethnic group, in order to improve the epidemiological landscape of diabetes in indigenous groups of Mexico.
目前，糖尿病是一个严重的健康问题，这是由于其所引发的并发症及其高死亡率。2型糖尿病（T2DM）最为常见，其特征为胰岛素抵抗。目的是分析关于墨西哥土著人群中T2DM患病率及相关因素的现有科学文献。在13个电子数据库中检索了1990年至2019年期间以英文和西班牙文发表的文章。根据医学主题词表使用了八个关键词的组合。为选择研究，采用了西班牙文版的JBI批判性评价工具指南进行分析性患病率研究。在478项研究中，有12项横断面研究报告了墨西哥12个土著群体的T2DM患病率：惠乔尔人（0%）、墨西哥人（0%）、特佩瓦诺人（0%和0.83%）、马萨特克人（2.01%）、奥托米人（4.4%）、托霍拉瓦尔人（4.7%）、米克斯人（6.9%）、皮马人（6.9%和9.0%）、萨波特克人（8.7%）、玛雅人（10.6%）、亚基人（18.3%和14.8%）以及米斯特克人（19.0%和26.2%）。报告的与T2DM相关的因素包括年龄较大、女性、教育水平较低、有T2DM家族史、肥胖、高血压以及腰臀围增加。关于墨西哥土著群体中T2DM患病率的证据很少。已发现的研究表明患病率存在差异，从较低到较高不等。考虑与T2DM相关的风险因素对于根据每个族群的情况制定预防策略至关重要，以便改善墨西哥土著群体中糖尿病的流行病学状况。
