Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima, Peru.
Departmento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Front Immunol. 2023 Sep 18;14:1249607. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1249607. eCollection 2023.
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance in the understanding of the biology of SARS-CoV-2. After more than two years since the first report of COVID-19, it remains crucial to continue studying how SARS-CoV-2 proteins interact with the host metabolism to cause COVID-19. In this review, we summarize the findings regarding the functions of the 16 non-structural, 6 accessory and 4 structural SARS-CoV-2 proteins. We place less emphasis on the spike protein, which has been the subject of several recent reviews. Furthermore, comprehensive reviews about COVID-19 therapeutic have been also published. Therefore, we do not delve into details on these topics; instead we direct the readers to those other reviews. To avoid confusions with what we know about proteins from other coronaviruses, we exclusively report findings that have been experimentally confirmed in SARS-CoV-2. We have identified host mechanisms that appear to be the primary targets of SARS-CoV-2 proteins, including gene expression and immune response pathways such as ribosome translation, JAK/STAT, RIG-1/MDA5 and NF-kβ pathways. Additionally, we emphasize the multiple functions exhibited by SARS-CoV-2 proteins, along with the limited information available for some of these proteins. Our aim with this review is to assist researchers and contribute to the ongoing comprehension of SARS-CoV-2's pathogenesis.
COVID-19 大流行凸显了理解 SARS-CoV-2 生物学的重要性。自 COVID-19 首次报告以来已经过去了两年多，继续研究 SARS-CoV-2 蛋白如何与宿主代谢相互作用以导致 COVID-19 仍然至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们总结了关于 16 种非结构、6 种辅助和 4 种结构 SARS-CoV-2 蛋白功能的发现。我们不太重视刺突蛋白，因为它已经是最近几篇综述的主题。此外，关于 COVID-19 治疗的综合综述也已经发表。因此，我们没有详细探讨这些主题；相反，我们引导读者阅读其他评论。为了避免与我们从其他冠状病毒中了解的蛋白质混淆，我们仅报告在 SARS-CoV-2 中经过实验证实的发现。我们已经确定了似乎是 SARS-CoV-2 蛋白的主要靶标宿主机制，包括核糖体翻译、JAK/STAT、RIG-1/MDA5 和 NF-kβ 途径等基因表达和免疫反应途径。此外，我们强调了 SARS-CoV-2 蛋白表现出的多种功能，以及对其中一些蛋白的信息有限。我们撰写这篇综述的目的是为研究人员提供帮助，并为持续理解 SARS-CoV-2 的发病机制做出贡献。
