Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America.
School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2023 Oct 4;18(10):e0291734. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291734. eCollection 2023.
A comprehensive list of all known host plant species utilised by the Meadow Spittlebug (Philaenus spumarius (L.)) is presented, compiled from published and unpublished sources. P. spumarius feeds on 1311 host plants in 631 genera and 117 families. This appears, by a large margin, to be the greatest number of host species exploited by any herbivorous insect. The Asteraceae (222 species) and Rosaceae (110) together account for 25% of all host species. The Fabaceae (76) and Poaceae (73), are nearly tied for third and fourth place and these four families, combined with the Lamiaceae (62), Apiaceae (50), Brassicaceae (43) and Caprifoliaceae (34), comprise about half of all host species. Hosts are concentrated among herbaceous dicots but range from ferns and grasses to shrubs and trees. Philaenus spumarius is an "extreme polyphage", which appears to have evolved from a monophage ancestor in the past 3.7 to 7.9 million years. It is also the primary European vector of the emerging plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa. Its vast host range suggests that it has the potential to spread X. fastidiosa among multiple hosts in any environment in which both the spittlebug and bacterium are present. Fully 47.9% of all known hosts were recorded in the Xylella-inspired BRIGIT citizen science P. spumarius host survey, including 358 hosts new to the documentary record, 27.3% of the 1311 total. This is a strong demonstration of the power of organized amateur observers to contribute to scientific knowledge.
现提供一份由已发表和未发表的资料汇编而成的 Meadow Spittlebug(Philaenus spumarius(L.))所有已知寄主植物物种的综合清单。P. spumarius 以 631 属和 117 科的 1311 种寄主植物为食。这显然是任何食草昆虫利用的最大数量的寄主物种。菊科(222 种)和蔷薇科(110 种)共占所有寄主物种的 25%。豆科(76 种)和禾本科(73 种)几乎并列第三和第四位,这四个科加上唇形科(62 种)、伞形科(50 种)、十字花科(43 种)和忍冬科(34 种),共占所有寄主物种的一半左右。寄主集中在草本双子叶植物中,但范围从蕨类植物和草类到灌木和乔木。Philaenus spumarius 是一种“极端杂食性昆虫”,它似乎是在过去 370 万至 790 万年前从单食性祖先进化而来的。它也是新兴植物病原体 Xylella fastidiosa 在欧洲的主要载体。它广泛的寄主范围表明,它有可能在有沫蝉和细菌存在的任何环境中,在多个寄主之间传播 X. fastidiosa。在受 Xylella 启发的 BRIGIT 公民科学 P. spumarius 寄主调查中,记录了所有已知寄主的 47.9%,其中包括 358 种新记录的寄主,占 1311 种的 27.3%。这有力地证明了有组织的业余观测者为科学知识做出贡献的能力。