Psychiatric Clinic, General Hospital of Chania, Chania, Crete.
Diabetes Center, 1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, 'AHEPA' University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia.
Psychiatriki. 2024 Oct 8;35(3):221-230. doi: 10.22365/jpsych.2023.020. Epub 2023 Sep 29.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic disease characterised by insulin deficiency due to autoimmune destruction of beta-pancreatic cells. T1D, formerly known as juvenile diabetes, is the most common form of diabetes in children and adolescents. On diagnosis, parents of children with TID experience considerable stress, because they need to care for a child in a challenging and life-threatening situation that requires adherence to an intensive medical regimen, constant monitoring of, and coping with their child's condition. T1D is a complex condition that affects both children and their parents in many aspects of their daily lives. This study presents the psychometric properties of the Greek translation of the Parent Diabetes Distress Scale (PDDS), which assesses diabetes distress in parents of children with T1D. A sample of 95 parents, mainly mothers (88.4%), with a mean age of their children 12.2 years (± 3.6) and a diabetes duration of 4.7 years (± 3.4), completed the Greek translation of the PDDS. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed a five-factor model: 'Parent/child relationship distress', 'Personal distress', 'Child diabetes management distress', 'Future distress', and 'Healthcare team distress'. Confirmation Factor Analysis (CFA) confirmed the construct validity of the scale. The internal consistency indices (Cronbach alpha) for the subscales ranged from 0.69 to 0.89, while the unidimensional structure had an alpha of 0.90. Furthermore, convergent validity was shown with moderate positive correlations between the PDDS-Gr and the subscales of the DASS-21 (depression, anxiety, and stress), the child's age (in years), and the HbA1c value. Finally, parents of children with inadequate glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7%) presented higher scores on both the unidimensional structure and the subscales 'Parent/child relationship distress' and 'Healthcare team distress' of the PDDS-Gr. The PDDS-Gr is a valid and reliable tool for assessing diabetes distress in parents of children with T1D and can be used in both clinical and research settings.
1 型糖尿病（T1D）是一种慢性疾病，其特征是由于自身免疫破坏胰岛β细胞而导致胰岛素缺乏。T1D 以前被称为青少年糖尿病，是儿童和青少年中最常见的糖尿病类型。在确诊时，T1D 患儿的父母会经历相当大的压力，因为他们需要照顾一个处于具有挑战性和威胁生命的情况下的孩子，这需要他们坚持严格的医疗方案，不断监测并应对孩子的病情。T1D 是一种复杂的疾病，会影响到儿童及其父母日常生活的许多方面。本研究介绍了评估 T1D 患儿父母糖尿病困扰的父母糖尿病困扰量表（PDDS）希腊语翻译版的心理测量学特性。一个由 95 名父母组成的样本，主要是母亲（88.4%），其子女的平均年龄为 12.2 岁（±3.6），糖尿病病程为 4.7 年（±3.4），完成了 PDDS 的希腊语翻译版。探索性因素分析（EFA）显示了一个五因素模型：“父母/孩子关系困扰”、“个人困扰”、“孩子糖尿病管理困扰”、“未来困扰”和“医疗团队困扰”。验证性因素分析（CFA）证实了该量表的结构效度。分量表的内部一致性指数（Cronbach alpha）范围为 0.69 至 0.89，而单一维度结构的 alpha 值为 0.90。此外，PDDS-Gr 与 DASS-21 的子量表（抑郁、焦虑和压力）、孩子的年龄（岁）和 HbA1c 值之间呈中度正相关，表明具有收敛效度。最后，血糖控制不理想（HbA1c≥7%）的患儿父母在 PDDS-Gr 的单一维度结构和“父母/孩子关系困扰”和“医疗团队困扰”分量表上的得分都更高。PDDS-Gr 是一种评估 T1D 患儿父母糖尿病困扰的有效且可靠的工具，可用于临床和研究环境。
