Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Tissue Cell. 2023 Dec;85:102227. doi: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102227. Epub 2023 Sep 27.
Levofloxacin (LEV) is one of the Fluoroquinolones antibiotic groups, which are utilized in the therapy of numerous diseases, particularly in reproductive organs. Punica granatum peel is a waste byproduct rich in phytochemicals that are known for their different biological activities. The current research was designed to assess the capability of pomegranate peel extract (PGPE) in counteracting LEV-induced oxidative stress and testicular injury in rats. Rats groups were divided as follows: control, PGPE (500 mg/kg BW), LEV (300 mg/kg BW), and PGPE plus LEV. Rats were treated orally for two weeks daily. The chemical and nutritional content of Punica granatum peel (PGP) were investigated. GC/MS analysis showed the major phytochemical constituents in PGPE as gallic acid, ellagic acid, 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl, and caffeic acid with DPPH, ABTS, and NO radical scavenging activity, as well as Fe- reducing antioxidant activity. Results revealed that LEV increased TBARS and HO concentrations and LDH activity in rat testes significantly. While the activities of antioxidant enzymes, phosphatases, aminotransferases, and reduced glutathione content as well as protein levels, were significantly reduced. Worthy changes in testosterone, luteinizing, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels, as well as sperm characteristics, were also discovered. LEV was also found to trigger apoptosis, as evidenced by elevated p53 and caspase-3 levels and decreased Bcl2 levels. Furthermore, alterations in histological and immunohistochemical PCNA expression were observed in rat testes, confirming the biochemical findings. Furthermore, PGPE pretreatment of LEV-treated rats restored the majority of the tested parameters when compared to the LEV-treated group. In conclusion, pomegranate peel extract had a powerful modulating role against the adverse effects of levofloxacin in rat testes and represents a perspective of the utilization of food waste by-products.
左氧氟沙星（LEV）是氟喹诺酮类抗生素组之一，用于治疗多种疾病，特别是生殖器官疾病。石榴皮是一种富含植物化学物质的废物副产物，这些物质以其不同的生物活性而闻名。本研究旨在评估石榴皮提取物（PGPE）抵抗 LEV 诱导的大鼠睾丸氧化应激和损伤的能力。将大鼠分为以下几组：对照组、PGPE（500mg/kg BW）、LEV（300mg/kg BW）和 PGPE 加 LEV。大鼠每天口服治疗两周。研究了石榴皮（PGP）的化学成分和营养成分。GC/MS 分析表明，PGPE 的主要植物化学成分是没食子酸、鞣花酸、4H-吡喃-4-酮、2,3-二氢-3,5-二羟基-6-甲基和咖啡酸，具有 DPPH、ABTS 和 NO 自由基清除活性以及 Fe 还原抗氧化活性。结果表明，LEV 显著增加了大鼠睾丸中的 TBARS 和 HO 浓度以及 LDH 活性。而抗氧化酶、磷酸酶、氨基转移酶和还原型谷胱甘肽含量以及蛋白质水平的活性显著降低。睾酮、促黄体生成素和卵泡刺激素水平以及精子特征也发生了显著变化。还发现 LEV 引发了细胞凋亡，这表现为 p53 和 caspase-3 水平升高以及 Bcl2 水平降低。此外，还观察到大鼠睾丸组织学和免疫组织化学 PCNA 表达的改变，证实了生化发现。此外，PGPE 预处理 LEV 处理的大鼠在与 LEV 处理组相比时，恢复了大多数测试参数。总之，石榴皮提取物对 LEV 对大鼠睾丸的不良影响具有强大的调节作用，代表了利用食品废物副产物的一个前景。
