Díaz Hernández Alejandra, Celemín Viñuela Alicia, Gómez-Polo Miguel, Martín Casado Ana María, Gómez-Polo Cristina
PhD student, Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Research Professor, Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
J Prosthet Dent. 2025 Jan;133(1):264-272. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.09.002. Epub 2023 Oct 2.
Research into the coverage error (CE) of gingival systems that have been expanded by using ceramic specimens created by mixing basic colors is lacking.
The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the CEs of 3 ceramic gingival color systems that have been expanded with basic-color mixtures from a sample of 360 White participants and to classify the participants according to the accuracy of the shade match achieved with each system.
Lab* color coordinates were recorded in 3 zones of attached gingiva for 360 White participants with healthy gingival tissue (187 men and 173 women). The CEs were calculated for 3 ceramic gingival systems that had been expanded with specimens obtained by mixing the basic colors in consecutive order, the color percentages in each mixture having been altered by 10% increments. The systems were Heraceram (Kulzer GmbH) (n=51); Vita VM9 (Vita-Zahnfabrik) (n=41); and IPS Style (Ivoclar AG) (n=41). The participants were classified into 3 groups according to how well the selected shade matched their gingival color (excellent, acceptable, or poor). The data were analyzed using a 1-way ANOVA with a randomized block design and the homogeneity of proportions test (α=.05).
Statistically significant differences were found between the CEs of the 3 expanded gingival systems in the 3 zones where gingival color was measured (P<.001). The expanded Heraceram system had the smallest CE (ΔE minimum 2.66 in the middle zone and maximum 2.95 at the mucogingival line). In the 3 gingival zones, the expanded IPS Style system produced the largest percentage of participants with a poor shade match (ΔE: minimum 71.4% at the mucogingival line and maximum 75.8% at the free gingival margin), while the expanded Heraceram system had the lowest percentage of participants with a poor shade match (ΔE: minimum 33.3% in the middle zone and maximum 41.7% at the mucogingival line).
The CEs calculated for the expanded Vita VM9 and IPS Style ceramic gingival color systems exceeded the clinical acceptability thresholds in the 3 zones examined. According to the ΔE formula, the gingival color of at least 33% of participants matched poorly with the expanded systems studied.
目前缺乏对通过混合基色制作陶瓷样本扩展的牙龈系统覆盖误差（CE）的研究。
本体外研究的目的是比较3种用基色混合物扩展的陶瓷牙龈颜色系统的CE，样本为360名白人参与者，并根据每个系统实现的色度匹配准确性对参与者进行分类。
记录360名牙龈组织健康的白人参与者（187名男性和173名女性）附着龈3个区域的Lab*颜色坐标。计算3种用按连续顺序混合基色获得的样本扩展的陶瓷牙龈系统的CE，每种混合物中的颜色百分比以10%的增量变化。这些系统分别是Heraceram（库尔兹有限公司）（n = 51）；Vita VM9（维他齿科工厂）（n = 41）；以及IPS Style（义获嘉伟瓦登特集团）（n = 41）。根据所选色度与他们牙龈颜色的匹配程度（优秀、可接受或差），将参与者分为3组。使用具有随机区组设计的单因素方差分析和比例齐性检验（α = 0.05）对数据进行分析。
在所测量牙龈颜色的3个区域中，3种扩展牙龈系统的CE之间存在统计学显著差异（P <.001）。扩展后的Heraceram系统的CE最小（中间区域ΔE最小值为2.66，膜龈线处最大值为2.95）。在3个牙龈区域中，扩展后的IPS Style系统产生色度匹配差的参与者百分比最高（ΔE：膜龈线处最小值为71.4%，游离龈缘处最大值为75.8%），而扩展后的Heraceram系统产生色度匹配差的参与者百分比最低（ΔE：中间区域最小值为33.3%，膜龈线处最大值为41.7%）。
在检查的3个区域中，为扩展后的Vita VM9和IPS Style陶瓷牙龈颜色系统计算的CE超过了临床可接受阈值。根据ΔE公式，至少33%参与者的牙龈颜色与所研究的扩展系统匹配较差。
