Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Campus de Montegancedo, 20223, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
Redox Biol. 2023 Nov;67:102902. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102902. Epub 2023 Sep 27.
The interaction between plants and phytophagous arthropods encompasses a complex network of molecules, signals, and pathways to overcome defences generated by each interacting organism. Although most of the elements and modulators involved in this interplay are still unidentified, plant redox homeostasis and signalling are essential for the establishment of defence responses. Here, focusing on the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, we demonstrate the involvement in plant defence of the thioredoxin TRXh5, a small redox protein whose expression is induced by mite infestation. TRXh5 is localized in the cell membrane system and cytoplasm and is associated with alterations in the content of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Protein S-nitrosylation signal in TRXh5 over-expression lines is decreased and alteration in TRXh5 level produces changes in the JA/SA hormonal crosstalk of infested plants. Moreover, TRXh5 interacts and likely regulates the redox state of an uncharacterized receptor-like kinase, named THIOREDOXIN INTERACTING RECEPTOR KINASE (TIRK), also induced by mite herbivory. Feeding bioassays performed withTRXh5 over-expression plants result in lower leaf damage and reduced egg accumulation after T. urticae infestation than in wild-type (WT) plants. In contrast, mites cause a more severe injury in trxh5 mutant lines where a greater number of eggs accumulates. Likewise, analysis of TIRK-gain and -loss-of-function lines demonstrate the defence role of this receptor in Arabidopsis against T. urticae. Altogether, our findings demonstrate the interaction between TRXh5 and TIRK and highlight the importance of TRXh5 and TIRK in the establishment of effective Arabidopsis defences against spider mite herbivory.
植物与植食性节肢动物之间的相互作用包含一个复杂的分子、信号和途径网络，以克服每个相互作用的生物体产生的防御。尽管这种相互作用中涉及的大多数元素和调节剂仍未被识别，但植物氧化还原稳态和信号转导对于建立防御反应是必不可少的。在这里，我们专注于拟南芥对叶螨 Tetranychus urticae 的反应，证明了参与植物防御的硫氧还蛋白 TRXh5 的作用，TRXh5 是一种小的氧化还原蛋白，其表达受螨虫侵害诱导。TRXh5 定位于细胞膜系统和细胞质中，并与活性氧和氮物种含量的变化有关。TRXh5 过表达系中蛋白 S-亚硝基化信号减少，TRXh5 水平的改变导致受侵染植物中 JA/SA 激素串扰的改变。此外，TRXh5 相互作用并可能调节一种未鉴定的类受体激酶的氧化还原状态，该激酶称为硫氧还蛋白相互作用受体激酶（TIRK），也被叶螨取食诱导。TRXh5 过表达植株进行的取食生物测定导致叶片损伤减轻，叶螨取食后卵积累减少，而野生型（WT）植株则相反。相比之下，trxh5 突变体系中，由于卵积累量增加，螨虫造成更严重的损伤。同样，TIRK 增益和 - 损失功能系的分析表明，该受体在拟南芥中对 T. urticae 的防御作用。总之，我们的研究结果证明了 TRXh5 和 TIRK 之间的相互作用，并强调了 TRXh5 和 TIRK 在建立拟南芥对叶螨取食的有效防御中的重要性。
