Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; SKLLQG, Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China.
Environ Pollut. 2023 Dec 1;338:122699. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122699. Epub 2023 Oct 4.
Personal exposure (PE) to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives in particulate matter with two aerodynamic sizes of 2.5 and 0.25 μm (PM and PM) from rural housewives was studied in the Fenwei Plain, China. A total of 15 households were divided into five different groups based on the type of solid fuel and heating device used, including biomass briquette-furnace (BBF), biomass-elevated Kang (BEK), outdoor lump coal-boiler (OLC), indoor briquette coal-stove (IBC), and electricity (ELE). The PE concentrations of the PAHs and biomarkers in urine collected from the participants were determined. The results showed that the PE concentrations of total quantified PAHs in the biomass group (i.e., BBF and BEK) were 2.2 and 2.0 times higher than those in the coal groups (i.e., OLC and IBC) in PM and PM, respectively. The housewives who used biomass as fuel suffered from higher potential health impacts than the coal fuel users. The incremental lifetime cancer risk for the PAHs in PM in the BBF and BEK groups exceeded the international safety threshold. Furthermore, the PE concentrations of oxygenated PAH (o-PAHs) in PM and PM in the biomass groups and the nitrated PAHs (n-PAHs) in PM in the coal groups showed strong correlations with the biomarkers. The results of this study proved the associations between exposure to the different classes of PAHs and health hazards. The findings could also serve as a guideline in establishing efficient measures for using solid fuels for cooking and household warming in northern China.
在中国汾渭平原，研究了两个空气动力学直径（PM 和 PM）分别为 2.5 和 0.25μm 的颗粒物中多环芳烃（PAHs）及其衍生物对农村家庭主妇的个体暴露（PE）。根据使用的固体燃料和加热装置的类型，将 15 户家庭分为 5 个不同的组，包括生物质压块炉（BBF）、生物质升高炕（BEK）、户外块煤锅炉（OLC）、室内型煤炉（IBC）和电（ELE）。测定了参与者尿液中 PAHs 和生物标志物的 PE 浓度。结果表明，生物质组（即 BBF 和 BEK）中总定量 PAHs 的 PE 浓度在 PM 和 PM 中分别比煤组（即 OLC 和 IBC）高 2.2 倍和 2.0 倍。使用生物质作为燃料的家庭主妇比使用煤炭燃料的家庭主妇面临更高的潜在健康影响。BBF 和 BEK 组中 PM 中 PAHs 的增量终生癌症风险超过了国际安全阈值。此外，生物质组中 PM 和 PM 中含氧多环芳烃（o-PAHs）和煤组中 PM 中硝化多环芳烃（n-PAHs）的 PE 浓度与生物标志物呈强相关。本研究结果证明了不同类别的 PAHs 暴露与健康危害之间的关联。这些发现还可以为在中国北方制定有效的烹饪和家庭取暖用固体燃料使用措施提供指导。
