Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bureau of Entomology, Nematology and Plant Pathology, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Environ Entomol. 2023 Dec 15;52(6):998-1007. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvad102.
An adventive population of the exotic parasitoid wasp, Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), discovered in Michigan in 2018, is a promising biological control agent of the invasive Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Following its discovery, field releases of Tr. japonicus were conducted over 2 yr in southern Michigan, to test how release size or release frequency impacts establishment. Sentinel eggs of H. halys and of the native Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) were used alongside yellow sticky cards to monitor parasitoids. In 2019 and 2020, 7,200 Tr. japonicus were released at 16 sites. Monitoring between 2019 and 2021 yielded only 49 individuals. The captures suggest reproductive activity and overwintering success in the field but do not allow for evaluation of best release methods. Parasitism by native parasitoids was below 7%, which is similar to other states and unlikely to provide sufficient control of H. halys. The placement of sentinel eggs or sticky traps either in the lower or middle canopy of trees did not influence parasitoid capture rates. Frozen and fresh H. halys sentinel eggs were attacked at the same rate, but more native parasitoids emerged from frozen eggs. We did not find signs of nontarget effects on P. maculiventris thus parasitism rates overall were very low. These results could indicate dispersal of Tr. japonicus from the release sites or slow population growth. The latter may be due to the relatively low densities of H. halys in Michigan or may stem from the small founding size of our laboratory colony.
2018 年在密歇根州发现的外来寄生蜂，日本长尾小蜂（Trissolcus japonicus）（膜翅目：长尾小蜂科）的偶然种群，是一种有前途的入侵性虹臭椿象（Halyomorpha halys）（半翅目：猎蝽科）的生物防治剂。在发现该物种后，在密歇根州南部进行了为期 2 年的 Tr. japonicus 野外释放试验，以测试释放规模或释放频率如何影响其定殖。虹臭椿象和本地 Podisus maculiventris（Say）（半翅目：猎蝽科）的哨兵卵与黄色粘虫板一起用于监测寄生蜂。2019 年和 2020 年，在 16 个地点释放了 7200 只日本长尾小蜂。2019 年至 2021 年的监测结果仅捕获了 49 只个体。这些捕获结果表明，在野外该物种具有繁殖活动和越冬成功，但无法评估最佳释放方法。本地寄生蜂的寄生率低于 7%，这与其他州相似，不太可能对虹臭椿象提供足够的控制。在树冠的下部或中部放置哨兵卵或粘虫板并没有影响寄生蜂的捕获率。冷冻和新鲜的虹臭椿象哨兵卵以相同的速度被攻击，但更多的本地寄生蜂从冷冻卵中孵化出来。我们没有发现日本长尾小蜂对 P. maculiventris 的非目标影响的迹象，因此总的来说寄生率非常低。这些结果可能表明 Tr. japonicus 从释放地点扩散，或者种群增长缓慢。后者可能是由于密歇根州虹臭椿象的密度相对较低，也可能是由于我们实验室种群的起始规模较小。
