Boyle Sean M, Weber Donald C, Hough-Goldstein Judith, Hoelmer Kim A
Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware.
USDA-ARS Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD.
Environ Entomol. 2020 Feb 17;49(1):15-20. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvz155.
The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), is a highly polyphagous species native to Asia that has become a serious invasive agricultural and nuisance pest across North America and Europe. Classical biological control host range evaluations have revealed egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) to be the primary candidate biocontrol agent for field release against H. halys. However, these evaluations only provide us with the physiological host range of T. japonicus. Other Trissolcus species have demonstrated that contact kairomones from different host species elicit varied responses in the parasitoids' host foraging behaviors. To assess T. japonicus response to host kairomones, mated naive females were exposed to leaf surfaces contaminated with adult kairomones from its preferred host, H. halys, or from a native nontarget host, Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Red maple, apple, and soybean were used as plant substrate treatments. The wasp's residence time on the leaf surface, linear walking velocity, and angular walking velocity were observed and measured using Noldus EthoVision XT tracking software. Within each leaf treatment, T. japonicus displayed stronger behavioral responses on leaves contaminated with contact kairomones from H. halys. The parasitoid resided on H. halys contaminated leaves for approximately twice as a long as it did on P. maculiventris contaminated leaves. Further, both species' kairomones elicited significant decreases in parasitoid walking velocity on all tested substrate types. Overall, our study suggests that kairomone-based behavioral studies can be used to further evaluate the host specificity of T. japonicus and can be an invaluable supplement to classical biocontrol host range testing regimes.
褐边绿刺蛾，Halyomorpha halys（斯塔尔），是一种原产于亚洲的多食性物种，已成为北美和欧洲严重的入侵性农业害虫和令人讨厌的害虫。经典生物防治寄主范围评估表明，卵寄生蜂日本三叉蚜小蜂（阿什米德）是田间释放防治褐边绿刺蛾的主要候选生物防治剂。然而，这些评估仅为我们提供了日本三叉蚜小蜂的生理寄主范围。其他三叉蚜小蜂物种表明，来自不同寄主物种的接触性信息素会引起寄生蜂寄主觅食行为的不同反应。为了评估日本三叉蚜小蜂对寄主信息素的反应，将未交配的雌蜂暴露于被其偏好寄主褐边绿刺蛾或本地非靶标寄主黄斑蝽（赛）（半翅目：蝽科）的成虫信息素污染的叶片表面。红枫、苹果和大豆用作植物基质处理。使用Noldus EthoVision XT跟踪软件观察和测量黄蜂在叶片表面的停留时间、直线行走速度和角向行走速度。在每个叶片处理中，日本三叉蚜小蜂在被褐边绿刺蛾接触性信息素污染的叶片上表现出更强的行为反应。寄生蜂在被褐边绿刺蛾污染的叶片上停留的时间大约是在被黄斑蝽污染的叶片上停留时间的两倍。此外，两种物种的信息素在所有测试的基质类型上均引起寄生蜂行走速度的显著降低。总体而言，我们的研究表明，基于信息素的行为研究可用于进一步评估日本三叉蚜小蜂的寄主特异性，并且可以成为经典生物防治寄主范围测试制度的宝贵补充。
