Li Xuebing, Yang Yufei, Die Qingqi, Yang Jinzhong, Song Fanhao, Huang Qifei
College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
Heliyon. 2023 Sep 29;9(10):e20545. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20545. eCollection 2023 Oct.
Solid waste produced by the nonferrous smelting industry has a significant number of notable differences. The lack of recognition of solid waste characteristics is the main factor restricting its disposal and utilization. In this study, we analyzed the main production processes of the nonferrous smelting industry; identified the key production nodes of solid waste; and clarified the characteristics, including the physical, chemical, and pollution characteristics of solid wastes, through a large sample statistical analysis. We found similarities among solid wastes from a common generation source as well as notable differences among the different generation sources: slags and sludges from waste acid treatment and wastewater treatment units had a water content of 27.43-52.71% and 51.14-68.27%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of other metallurgy and dust collection units; the pH of slags from an electrorefining unit was strongly alkaline; the mineral phase of sludges from wastewater treatment was only calcite; slags from a waste acid treatment unit were mainly in phase of gypsum, claudetite, and anglesite; the chemical composition of slags from pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy units was mainly SiO and FeO. In this paper, we discuss a new classification method based on a common generation source for the first time. These results are beneficial to guide the disposal, utilization, and management of solid waste.
有色金属冶炼行业产生的固体废物存在诸多显著差异。对固体废物特性认识不足是制约其处置与利用的主要因素。本研究分析了有色金属冶炼行业的主要生产工艺；确定了固体废物的关键生产节点；并通过大样本统计分析，阐明了固体废物的特性，包括物理、化学和污染特性。我们发现来自同一产生源的固体废物之间存在相似性，而不同产生源之间存在显著差异：废酸处理和废水处理单元产生的矿渣和污泥含水量分别为27.43 - 52.71%和51.14 - 68.27%，显著高于其他冶金和集尘单元；电解精炼单元产生的矿渣pH值呈强碱性；废水处理产生的污泥矿物相仅为方解石；废酸处理单元产生的矿渣主要为石膏、砷华和铅矾相；火法冶金和湿法冶金单元产生的矿渣化学成分主要为SiO和FeO。本文首次探讨了基于共同产生源的新分类方法。这些结果有助于指导固体废物的处置、利用和管理。
