Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2023 Nov;40(11):1459-1469. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2264976. Epub 2023 Nov 6.
Durum wheat cultivars with varying abilities to accumulate cadmium were grown and treated in the field with a glyphosate-containing herbicide at different stages of maturity to produce grain with higher and lower concentrations of cadmium (0.066-0.214 mg/kg) and glyphosate (0.474-0.874 mg/kg). The grain was milled, and fractions were analysed for cadmium and glyphosate. The highest concentrations for both cadmium and glyphosate were associated with bran and shorts, although the percentage of total cadmium mass in bran (23-25%) was less than glyphosate (38%). The preparation of dried pasta from semolina and flour milling fractions reduced concentrations by a factor of 1.8 for glyphosate and 1.4 for cadmium. Dried pasta was cooked and analysed along with the cooking water for cadmium and glyphosate at seven-time points from 0 to 15 min. Concentrations of glyphosate in cooked pasta decreased significantly with cooking time; no decrease was observed for cadmium concentrations. Analysis of cooking water demonstrated that glyphosate migrated from pasta to the cooking water. After 15 min of cooking, approximately 73% of the total glyphosate mass had transferred from pasta to cooking water. Over the same time period, only 5% of the total cadmium mass had transferred from pasta to cooking water.
种植具有不同积累镉能力的硬质小麦品种，并在不同成熟阶段用含草甘膦的除草剂进行田间处理，以生产镉（0.066-0.214 mg/kg）和草甘膦（0.474-0.874 mg/kg）浓度较高和较低的谷物。将谷物碾磨，并对各部分进行镉和草甘膦分析。尽管麸皮和短粒中总镉质量的百分比（23-25%）低于草甘膦（38%），但两者的浓度均与麸皮和短粒有关。从粗粒小麦和面粉碾磨部分制备干面食可使草甘膦浓度降低 1.8 倍，使镉浓度降低 1.4 倍。将干面食煮熟，并与烹饪水一起分析，从 0 到 15 分钟，共分析 7 个时间点的镉和草甘膦浓度。烹饪过程中草甘膦在煮过的面食中的浓度显著下降；而镉浓度没有下降。烹饪水分析表明草甘膦从面食迁移到烹饪水中。烹饪 15 分钟后，约有 73%的草甘膦总量从面食转移到烹饪水中。在同一时间段内，只有 5%的总镉质量从面食转移到烹饪水中。
