Martínez-Beamonte Roberto, Sánchez-Marco Javier, Gómez Marta, Lázaro Gonzalo, Barco María, Herrero-Continente Tania, Serrano-Megías Marta, Botaya David, Arnal Carmen, Barranquero Cristina, Surra Joaquín C, Manso-Alonso José Antonio, Osada Jesús, Navarro María A
Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Nutrition. 2023 Dec;116:112211. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112211. Epub 2023 Sep 7.
The type and amount of dietary protein have become a topic of renewed interest, considering their involvement in several diseases. However, little attention has been devoted to the effect of avian proteins despite their wide human consumption. In a previous study, we saw that compared with soybean protein, the consumption of avian proteins, depending on sex, resulted in similar or lower atherosclerosis with a higher paraoxonase 1 activity, an antioxidant enzyme carried by high-density lipoproteins (HDL). This suggests that under these conditions, the HDL lipoproteins may undergo important changes. The aim of this research was to study the influence of soybean, chicken, and turkey proteins on the characteristics of HDL.
Male and female Apoe-deficient mice were fed purified Western diets based on the AIN-93 diet, differing only in the protein source, for 12 wk. After this period, blood and liver samples were taken for analysis of HDL composition and hepatic expression of genes related to HDL metabolism (Abca1, Lcat, Pltp, Pon1, and Scarb1). Depending on sex, these genes define a different network of interactions. Females consuming the turkey protein-containing diet showed decreased atherosclerotic foci, which can be due to larger very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) calculated by molar ratio triacylglycerols/VLDL cholesterol and higher expression of Lcat. In contrast, in males, a higher ratio of paraoxonase1 to apolipoprotein A1 decreased the oxidative status of the different lipoproteins, and augmented Abca1 expression was observed.
The source of protein has an effect on the development of atherosclerosis depending on sex by modifying HDL characteristics and the expression of genes involved in their properties.
鉴于膳食蛋白质与多种疾病相关，其类型和摄入量已再度成为人们关注的话题。然而，尽管禽类蛋白质在人类饮食中广泛存在，但对其影响的关注却很少。在之前的一项研究中，我们发现，与大豆蛋白相比，食用禽类蛋白，根据性别不同，会导致动脉粥样硬化程度相似或更低，同时对氧磷酶1活性更高，这是一种由高密度脂蛋白（HDL）携带的抗氧化酶。这表明在这些条件下，HDL脂蛋白可能会发生重要变化。本研究的目的是探讨大豆、鸡肉和火鸡肉蛋白对HDL特性的影响。
将雄性和雌性载脂蛋白E缺陷小鼠喂食基于AIN-93饮食的纯化西式饮食，仅蛋白质来源不同，持续12周。在此期间结束后，采集血液和肝脏样本，分析HDL组成以及与HDL代谢相关基因（Abca1、Lcat、Pltp、Pon1和Scarb1）的肝脏表达。根据性别，这些基因定义了不同的相互作用网络。食用含火鸡肉蛋白饮食的雌性小鼠动脉粥样硬化病灶减少，这可能是由于按三酰甘油/VLDL胆固醇摩尔比计算的极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）更大以及Lcat表达更高。相比之下，在雄性小鼠中，对氧磷酶1与载脂蛋白A1的比例更高降低了不同脂蛋白的氧化状态，并观察到Abca1表达增加。
蛋白质来源会根据性别通过改变HDL特性以及参与其特性的基因表达对动脉粥样硬化的发展产生影响。
