健康需求分类：城市老年人的聚类分析。

Classification of health needs: a cluster analysis of older adults in urban areas.

机构信息

School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, 241002, Wuhu City, An Hui Province, P.R. China.

Department of nursing, Yijishan Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Zheshan West Road, Yijishan District, 241004, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China.

出版信息

BMC Geriatr. 2023 Oct 9;23(1):638. doi: 10.1186/s12877-023-04333-y.

DOI:10.1186/s12877-023-04333-y

PMID:37814238

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10563358/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

In this study, a cross-sectional survey was used to understand and analyze the health status and health needs of the elderly in the community. The cluster analysis method was used to explore the relationship between health needs items and investigate the commonness among health demand items, to provide a reference for the development of health management of the elderly with chronic diseases.

METHODS

We used convenience sampling to recruit the participants (aged 60 and above) from four urban community centers in Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province, China, in this study. This study uses the Medical Outcomes Study(MOS)36-Item Short-Form Health Survey. The self-designed questionnaire includes sociodemographic characteristics, chronic diseases, physical examination conditions, illness in the past two weeks, and a health needs questionnaire. SPSS 18.0 was used for data entry and analysis. Data analysis methods included descriptive statistical analysis, t-test, one-way analysis, cluster analysis, and linear multiple regression analysis.

RESULTS

The rate of health needs among the elderly in the community for various health services is 1.3-69.7%, of which the top three are: regular physical examination (69.7%), day Care Center (67.7%), the establishment of a Medical Alert Systems (66.1%). The health needs of the elderly in the community are divided into three categories: basic needs (24 items), health education (13 items), and first aid (2 items). The regression analysis found that the influencing factors of health status were age, revenue and expenditure, medical expenses, health education, basic needs, and first aid.

CONCLUSIONS

The community should strengthen the management of chronic diseases of the elderly and the publicity and education of related knowledge, and provide complementary health care services according to the health needs of the elderly, improve the health of the elderly, and improve the quality of life of the elderly.

摘要

背景

本研究采用横断面调查方法了解和分析社区老年人的健康状况和健康需求。采用聚类分析方法探讨健康需求项目之间的关系，调查健康需求项目的共性，为慢性病老年人的健康管理提供参考。

方法

便利抽样选取辽宁省锦州市四个城市社区中心的 60 岁及以上老年人作为研究对象。采用美国医学结局研究 36 项简明健康调查问卷，自行设计问卷包括一般人口学特征、慢性病、体检情况、两周内患病情况和健康需求问卷。SPSS 18.0 录入和分析数据。采用描述性统计分析、t 检验、单因素分析、聚类分析和线性多重回归分析。

结果

社区老年人对各种健康服务的健康需求率为 1.3%～69.7%，排名前三的分别是定期体检（69.7%）、日间照料中心（67.7%）、医疗警示系统的建立（66.1%）。社区老年人健康需求分为基本需求（24 项）、健康教育（13 项）和急救（2 项）三个类别。回归分析发现，健康状况的影响因素为年龄、收支、医疗费用、健康教育、基本需求和急救。