Hakkâri University, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, Hakkâri, Turkey.
Erzurum Technical University, Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Erzurum, Turkey.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2023 Dec;20(1):2267536. doi: 10.1080/15502783.2023.2267536. Epub 2023 Oct 10.
Previous studies have investigated the effect of single or combined caffeine (CAF) and L-theanine (THE) intake on attention performance. However, its effect on shooting performance and cognitive performance in a sport is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis "Does single or combined CAF and THE supplementation have an effect on shooting and cognitive performance in elite curling athletes?." It is predicted that over the next decade, studies based on nutritional ergogenic supplements in the developing sport of curling will continue to increase, leading to a significant increase in studies examining the effects of CAF and THE supplementation, alone or in combination, on throwing and cognitive performance in elite curling athletes.
In this double-blind, randomized controlled crossover study, twenty-two elite national curling athletes (age 20.20 ± 1.61 and sports age 6.20 ± 0.51 years, height 174.10 ± 7.21 cm, BMI 21.80 ± 3.47 kg/m) were randomly assigned to CAF (6 mg/kg single dose CAF), THE (6 mg/kg single dose THE), CAF*THE (6 mg/kg CAF and 6 mg/kg THE combined) and PLA (400 mg maltodextrin) groups at each of four sessions. 60 minutes after taking the supplement, the athletes were first given the Stroop test and then asked to shoot.
Our main findings have shown that the performance of athletes in guard (F=, < .001, η = .842), draw (F=, < .001, η = .485), and take-out (F=, < .001, η = .743) shot styles significantly improved when comparing the combined intake of CAF and THE to the PLA. Regarding cognitive performance evaluation through the Stroop test, during the NR task (F=, = .001, η = .653), the combined intake of CAF and THE significantly improved reaction times compared to the intake of single CAF, THE, or PLA. The best reaction times during the CR and ICR (respectively; F=, = .004, η = .328; F = 1.632, < .001, η = .625) tasks were achieved with the combined CAF and THE intake, showing a significant improvement compared to PLA. During the NER (F=, < .001, η = .741), task, the combined intake of CAF and THE significantly improved error rates compared to the intake of CAF, THE, or PLA single. The best accuracy rates during the CER and ICER (respectively; F=, < .001, η = .396; F=, < .001, η = .710) tasks were achieved with the combined CAF and THE intake, leading to a significant reduction in error rates compared to PLA. Based on these findings, it has been demonstrated in this study that the best shooting scores and cognitive performance were achieved, particularly with the combined intake of CAF and THE.
Based on these findings, it has been demonstrated in this study that the best shooting scores and cognitive performance were achieved, particularly with the combined intake of CAF and THE. The combined use of these supplements has been found to be more effective on shooting and cognitive performance than their single use.
先前的研究已经调查了单一或联合摄入咖啡因（CAF）和茶氨酸（THE）对注意力表现的影响。然而，其对运动中的射击表现和认知表现的影响尚不清楚。本研究的目的是验证“单一或联合 CAF 和 THE 补充是否对精英冰壶运动员的射击和认知表现有影响？”这一假设。预计在未来十年内，基于营养增强补充剂的研究将继续增加，这将导致对 CAF 和 THE 补充剂单独或联合使用对精英冰壶运动员投掷和认知表现的影响的研究显著增加。
在这项双盲、随机对照交叉研究中，22 名精英国家冰壶运动员（年龄 20.20±1.61 岁，运动年龄 6.20±0.51 岁，身高 174.10±7.21cm，BMI 21.80±3.47kg/m）在四个时段随机分配到 CAF（6mg/kg 单剂量 CAF）、THE（6mg/kg 单剂量 THE）、CAF*THE（6mg/kg CAF 和 6mg/kg THE 联合）和 PLA（400mg 麦芽糊精）组。在服用补充剂 60 分钟后，运动员首先进行斯特鲁普测试，然后进行射击。
我们的主要发现表明，与 PLA 相比，CAF 和 THE 联合摄入时，运动员在后卫（F=，<0.001，η=0.842）、_draw（F=，<0.001，η=0.485）和取球（F=，<0.001，η=0.743）射门风格中的表现明显提高。关于通过斯特鲁普测试进行的认知性能评估，在 NR 任务期间（F=，=0.001，η=0.653），与单独摄入 CAF、THE 或 PLA 相比，CAF 和 THE 的联合摄入显著改善了反应时间。在 CR 和 ICR（分别；F=，=0.004，η=0.328；F=1.632，<0.001，η=0.625）任务中达到了最佳反应时间，与 PLA 相比，摄入 CAF 和 THE 的联合摄入有显著改善。在 NER 任务期间（F=，<0.001，η=0.741），CAF 和 THE 的联合摄入与 CAF、THE 或 PLA 单一摄入相比，显著改善了错误率。在 CER 和 ICER（分别；F=，<0.001，η=0.396；F=，<0.001，η=0.710）任务中达到了最佳准确性率，与 PLA 相比，摄入 CAF 和 THE 的联合摄入显著降低了错误率。基于这些发现，本研究表明，特别是联合摄入 CAF 和 THE 时，可获得最佳的射击成绩和认知表现。
基于这些发现，本研究表明，特别是联合摄入 CAF 和 THE 时，可获得最佳的射击成绩和认知表现。与单一使用相比，这些补充剂的联合使用对射击和认知表现更为有效。
