desRosiers G, Ivison D
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1986 Dec;8(6):637-42. doi: 10.1080/01688638608405184.
Wilson, Bacon, Kaszniak, and Fox (1982) suggest that the learning of low associate pairs on the Wechsler Memory Scale involves episodic memory alone while the learning of high associate pairs involves semantic memory as well. Tulving (1983) also comments that, whereas some information in episodic memory is relatively unorganized and access to its content tends to be deliberate and requiring conscious effort (e.g., low associate pairs), information in semantic memory is organized and access to its content is more automatic (e.g., high associate pairs). As there may be occasions when it would be useful to compare these two types of memory functioning, differential diagnosis between depressive pseudodementia and organic dementia for example, normative data is provided enabling the calculation of the frequency with which differences between the learning of the two kinds of associate occur, based on the performance of 500 subjects with no known neuropsychiatric involvement.
威尔逊、培根、卡斯尼亚克和福克斯（1982年）指出，在韦氏记忆量表上学习低联想对仅涉及情景记忆，而学习高联想对还涉及语义记忆。图尔文（1983年）也评论说，情景记忆中的一些信息相对无组织，获取其内容往往是刻意的且需要有意识的努力（例如低联想对），而语义记忆中的信息是有组织的，获取其内容更具自动性（例如高联想对）。由于可能会有比较这两种记忆功能的情况，例如在抑郁性假性痴呆和器质性痴呆的鉴别诊断中，现提供了常模数据，以便根据500名无已知神经精神疾病的受试者的表现，计算两种联想学习之间出现差异的频率。
