Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
J Appl Behav Anal. 2024 Jan;57(1):204-225. doi: 10.1002/jaba.1026. Epub 2023 Oct 12.
Autoclitics are secondary verbal operants that are controlled by a feature of the conditions that occasion or evoke a primary verbal operant such as a tact or mand. Qualifying autoclitics extend, negate, or assert a speaker's primary verbal response and modify the intensity or direction of the listener's behavior. Howard and Rice (1988) established autoclitics that indicated weak stimulus control (e.g., "like a [primary tact]") with four neurotypical preschool children. However, generalization to newly acquired tacts was limited. In Experiment 1, we addressed similar behavior as in Howard and Rice but with autistic children while using simultaneous teaching procedures, and we observed generalization across sets and with newly acquired tacts. In Experiment 2, we evaluated the effects of multiple-exemplar training on generalization of autoclitics across sets of naturalistic stimuli. Across participants, gradual increases in the frequency of autoclitics occurred with untaught stimuli after teaching with one or more sets.
自反词是次要的言语操作，由引发或唤起主要言语操作（如摹仿或指令）的条件的特征所控制。限定自反词扩展、否定或断言说话者的主要言语反应，并改变听者行为的强度或方向。霍华德和赖斯（1988 年）确定了一些自反词，这些自反词表示弱刺激控制（例如，“像一个[主要摹仿]”），他们对四个正常发展的学龄前儿童进行了测试。然而，对新习得的摹仿的泛化是有限的。在实验 1 中，我们在使用同时教学程序的情况下，对与霍华德和赖斯相似的行为进行了研究，但针对的是自闭症儿童，我们观察到了在不同组之间以及与新习得的摹仿之间的泛化。在实验 2 中，我们评估了多示例训练对自然刺激组之间的自反词泛化的影响。对于未受教的刺激，在经过一组或多组教学后，随着自反词的出现频率逐渐增加。
