Bujor Liliana, Turliuc Maria Nicoleta
Faculty of Sciences of Education, Ştefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania.
Department of Psychology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 700554 Iasi, Romania.
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Sep 25;11(19):2620. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11192620.
A child's ability to cope with stress is shaped by experiences in a parent-child relationship. In this study, the direct effect of a parent's response to anger and happiness in childhood on adolescents' and emerging adults' psychological distress and the indirect effect through the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies-specifically, cognitive reappraisal and emotional suppression-were measured. To achieve our research aim, we tested four parallel mediation models using the bootstrapping method. A group of 497 participants aged between 14 and 35 years ( = 18.62; = 3.32), 66% female ( = 332) and 34% male ( = 165), completed a questionnaire comprising self-reporting measures. The results indicate direct effects between emotion socialization and distress for seven independent variables. The mother's and father's positive responses to anger and happiness are significant negative predictors of distress; the negative responses of both parents to happiness, and the mother's negative response to anger-but not the father's-are significant positive predictors of distress. The findings also provide support for the mediating role of expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal for the mother's positive response to both anger and happiness, as well as for the mother's negative response to the child's expression of happiness. None of the father's responses-positive or negative, in relation to anger or happiness-are mediated by emotion regulation strategies in relation to distress. Our findings have practical implication for a preventative intervention program focused on the psychological growth of adolescents by adaptative emotional responses.
儿童应对压力的能力受亲子关系经历的影响。在本研究中，测量了父母对童年期愤怒和快乐情绪的反应对青少年及成年早期个体心理困扰的直接影响，以及通过情绪调节策略（具体而言，认知重评和情绪抑制）的中介作用产生的间接影响。为实现研究目的，我们采用自助法测试了四个平行中介模型。一组497名年龄在14至35岁之间的参与者（均值 = 18.62；标准差 = 3.32），66%为女性（n = 332），34%为男性（n = 165），完成了一份包含自我报告测量的问卷。结果表明，七个独立变量在情绪社会化与心理困扰之间存在直接影响。母亲和父亲对愤怒和快乐的积极反应是心理困扰的显著负向预测因素；父母双方对快乐的消极反应，以及母亲对愤怒的消极反应（而非父亲的）是心理困扰的显著正向预测因素。研究结果还支持了表达抑制和认知重评在母亲对愤怒和快乐的积极反应以及母亲对孩子快乐表达的消极反应中的中介作用。父亲的任何反应（无论是与愤怒还是快乐相关的积极或消极反应），在与心理困扰相关的情绪调节策略中均不存在中介作用。我们的研究结果对于一个专注于通过适应性情绪反应促进青少年心理成长的预防性干预项目具有实际意义。
