Jespersen Jens E, Hardy Nathan R, Morris Amanda Sheffield
Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
Children (Basel). 2021 Apr 22;8(5):319. doi: 10.3390/children8050319.
This theoretical paper introduces six emotion socialization typologies that can be used for designating emotion responsivity styles of parents and peers of children in middle childhood, referred to as Parent and Peer Emotion Responsivity Styles (PPERS). This typology draws on theoretical foundations of meta-emotion and emotion socialization. These typologies are compliment with and extend Gottman's emotion-based parenting styles, as they are organized generally by whether the response is more positive or more negative and whether the response is more emotionally constructive or destructive, but extend the four styles to include whether the parent or peer targets the emotion directly when responding to a child's emotions, or whether they target the emotion-related behavior. On the positive end, there is the Emotion Constructive style, which targets the child's emotions directly. The other two positive styles include Emotion Responsive and Emotion Acceptive, which target the child's emotional behaviors with higher or lower levels of activity. On the negative side, there is the Emotion Destructive style which is employed to target the emotion itself, while the Emotion Punitive and Emotion Dismissive styles target the child's emotion-related behavior with varying levels of activity. Implications for the development and study of these theoretical typologies are discussed.
这篇理论性论文介绍了六种情绪社会化类型，可用于确定童年中期儿童的父母和同伴的情绪反应方式，即父母和同伴情绪反应方式（PPERS）。这种类型学借鉴了元情绪和情绪社会化的理论基础。这些类型与戈特曼基于情绪的养育方式相辅相成并有所扩展，因为它们通常根据反应是更积极还是更消极以及反应在情绪上是更具建设性还是更具破坏性来组织，但将四种方式扩展到包括父母或同伴在回应孩子的情绪时是直接针对情绪，还是针对与情绪相关的行为。在积极方面，有情绪建设性方式，它直接针对孩子的情绪。另外两种积极方式包括情绪反应性和情绪接纳性，它们以不同程度的活跃度针对孩子的情绪行为。在消极方面，有情绪破坏性方式，用于针对情绪本身，而情绪惩罚性和情绪忽视性方式以不同程度的活跃度针对孩子与情绪相关的行为。文中还讨论了这些理论类型对发展和研究的启示。
