Polymer and Food Protection Consortium, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
J Environ Manage. 2023 Dec 15;348:119242. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119242. Epub 2023 Oct 11.
In the USA, 8.66% of municipal solid waste (MSW) plastic was recycled and 75.9% landfilled (2018). Some critical challenges in widespread adoption of post-consumer recycled (PCR) plastic include high collection costs, sortation complexity, inconsistent feedstock properties, and unknown contamination leading to safety considerations. The objective of this review is to discuss global Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) policies/regulations and their ability to facilitate coordination of domestic/international policies and business to overcome critical recycling complications. Global EPR and recycling laws were examined to compare and contrast initiatives to increase recycling and avoid plastic waste generation. EPR laws increase producers' liability towards product generation, marketing, and disposal by applying fees and taxes on products depending on product recyclability and volume generation. Countries with established plastic EPR regulations and landfill bans often possess higher recycling rates. The results of this research can facilitate development of local regulatory mandates to increase recycling rates.
在美国,8.66%的城市固体废物(MSW)塑料被回收,75.9%被填埋(2018 年)。广泛采用消费后回收(PCR)塑料面临一些关键挑战,包括收集成本高、分类复杂、原料性能不一致以及未知污染导致安全考虑。本综述的目的是讨论全球扩展生产者责任(EPR)政策/法规及其协调国内/国际政策和业务的能力,以克服关键的回收复杂问题。研究了全球 EPR 和回收法律,以比较和对比各项举措,以提高回收率并避免塑料废物的产生。EPR 法通过对产品征收费用和税款,根据产品的可回收性和产生量来增加生产者对产品生产、营销和处置的责任。有既定塑料 EPR 法规和垃圾填埋场禁令的国家通常具有更高的回收率。这项研究的结果可以促进制定地方监管命令,以提高回收率。