Department of Physiology (Phycell), University of Extremadura, Avd de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain.
Pharmacy Unit of Extremadura County Health Service, Health Center of Talayuela, 10310 Talayuela, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Sep 26;24(19):14541. doi: 10.3390/ijms241914541.
Hypoxia is considered to be a stressful physiological condition, which may occur during labor and the later stages of pregnancy as a result of, among other reasons, an aged placenta. Therefore, when gestation or labor is prolonged, low oxygen supply to the tissues may last for minutes, and newborns may present breathing problems and may require resuscitation maneuvers. As a result, poor oxygen supply to tissues and to circulating cells may last for longer periods of time, leading to life-threatening conditions. In contrast to the well-known platelet activation that occurs after reperfusion of the tissues due to an ischemia/reperfusion episode, platelet alterations in response to reduced oxygen exposition following labor have been less frequently investigated. Newborns overcome temporal hypoxic conditions by changing their organ functions or by adaptation of the intracellular molecular pathways. In the present review, we aim to analyze the main platelet modifications that appear at the protein level during hypoxia in order to highlight new platelet markers linked to complications arising from temporal hypoxic conditions during labor. Thus, we demonstrate that hypoxia modifies the expression and activity of hypoxic-response proteins (HRPs), including hypoxia-induced factor (HIF-1), endoplasmic reticulum oxidase 1 (Ero1), and carbonic anhydrase (CIX). Finally, we provide updates on research related to the regulation of platelet function due to HRP activation, as well as the role of HRPs in intracellular Ca homeostasis.
缺氧被认为是一种应激生理状态，可能发生在分娩和妊娠后期，原因包括胎盘老化等。因此，当妊娠或分娩延长时，组织的氧气供应可能会持续数分钟，新生儿可能会出现呼吸问题，并可能需要复苏措施。因此，组织和循环细胞的供氧不足可能会持续更长时间，导致危及生命的情况。与缺血/再灌注事件后组织再灌注时发生的众所周知的血小板激活相反，针对分娩后缺氧暴露的血小板改变研究较少。新生儿通过改变器官功能或通过细胞内分子途径的适应来克服短暂的缺氧状态。在本综述中，我们旨在分析缺氧时在蛋白质水平上出现的主要血小板改变，以突出与分娩期间短暂缺氧条件引起的并发症相关的新血小板标志物。因此，我们证明缺氧改变了缺氧反应蛋白（HRP）的表达和活性，包括缺氧诱导因子（HIF-1）、内质网氧化酶 1（Ero1）和碳酸酐酶（CIX）。最后，我们提供了有关 HRP 激活导致血小板功能调节以及 HRP 在细胞内 Ca 稳态中的作用的最新研究。
