Singer Emad D, Faiz Saadia A, Qdaisat Aiham, Abdeldaem Karim, Dagher Jim, Chaftari Patrick, Yeung Sai-Ching J
Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Department of Abdominal Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Cancers (Basel). 2023 Sep 28;15(19):4765. doi: 10.3390/cancers15194765.
Hemoptysis in cancer patients can occur for various reasons, including infections, tumors, blood vessel abnormalities and inflammatory conditions. The degree of hemoptysis is commonly classified according to the quantity of blood expelled. However, volume-based definitions may not accurately reflect the clinical impact of bleeding. This review explores a more comprehensive approach to evaluating hemoptysis by considering its risk factors, epidemiology and clinical consequences. In particular, this review provides insight into the risk factors, identifies mortality rates associated with hemoptysis in cancer patients and highlights the need for developing a mortality prediction score specific for cancer patients. The use of hemoptysis-related variables may help stratify patients into risk categories; optimize the control of bleeding with critical care; implement the use of tracheobronchial or vascular interventions; and aid in treatment planning. Effective management of hemoptysis in cancer patients must address the underlying cause while also providing supportive care to improve patients' quality of life.
癌症患者咯血可能由多种原因引起，包括感染、肿瘤、血管异常和炎症性疾病。咯血程度通常根据咳出的血量进行分类。然而，基于出血量的定义可能无法准确反映出血的临床影响。本综述探讨了一种更全面的方法来评估咯血，即考虑其危险因素、流行病学和临床后果。特别是，本综述深入探讨了危险因素，确定了癌症患者咯血相关的死亡率，并强调了为癌症患者制定特定死亡率预测评分的必要性。使用与咯血相关的变量可能有助于将患者分层到风险类别；通过重症监护优化出血控制；实施气管支气管或血管介入治疗；并辅助治疗规划。癌症患者咯血的有效管理必须解决根本原因，同时提供支持性护理以提高患者的生活质量。
