Rostaher Ana, Fischer Nina Maria, Vigani Alessio, Steblaj Barbara, Martini Franco, Brem Salina, Favrot Claude, Kosnik Mitja
Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Division of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Sep 23;13(19):3002. doi: 10.3390/ani13193002.
Hymenoptera allergens are the main triggers for anaphylaxis in susceptible dogs and humans. Hymenoptera venom specific immunotherapy (VIT), the only disease-modifying treatment, has the potential to prevent future life-threatening reactions in human patients. Prospective clinical data on VIT efficacy in dogs are currently lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to show that VIT is not only safe but also efficacious in preventing anaphylaxis in dogs allergic to Hymenoptera. This uncontrolled prospective clinical trial included 10 client-owned dogs with a history of anaphylaxis following repeated Hymenoptera stings. The sensitization to bee and wasp allergens was demonstrated by intradermal testing (IDT) and allergen-specific IgE serology. For VIT induction (induction phase), dogs received a shortened rush immunotherapy protocol with aqueous allergens, which was then followed by monthly injections of 100 µg of alum-precipitated allergen (maintenance phase). VIT efficacy was determined by observing patients' clinical reactions to re-stings. No systemic adverse events were seen during the induction and maintenance phases. From the seven re-stung dogs, only one developed a mild angioedema at the site of the sting; the remaining dogs were asymptomatic. These results show that VIT represents a safe and effective treatment option for Hymenoptera-allergic dogs.
膜翅目昆虫过敏原是易感犬类和人类发生过敏反应的主要诱因。膜翅目昆虫毒液特异性免疫疗法（VIT）是唯一一种能够改变疾病进程的治疗方法，有潜力预防人类患者未来发生危及生命的反应。目前尚缺乏关于VIT对犬类疗效的前瞻性临床数据。因此，本研究的目的是证明VIT不仅对蜜蜂过敏的犬类安全，而且在预防过敏反应方面有效。这项非对照前瞻性临床试验纳入了10只客户拥有的犬，这些犬有多次被膜翅目昆虫蜇伤后发生过敏反应的病史。通过皮内试验（IDT）和过敏原特异性IgE血清学检测证实了对蜜蜂和黄蜂过敏原的致敏情况。对于VIT诱导（诱导期），犬只接受了一种缩短的快速免疫疗法方案，使用水性过敏原，随后每月注射100 µg明矾沉淀过敏原（维持期）。通过观察患者对再次蜇伤的临床反应来确定VIT的疗效。在诱导期和维持期均未观察到全身性不良事件。在7只再次被蜇伤的犬中，只有1只在蜇伤部位出现了轻度血管性水肿；其余犬只均无症状。这些结果表明，VIT是对膜翅目昆虫过敏犬类的一种安全有效的治疗选择。
