Neeteson Anne-Marie, Avendaño Santiago, Koerhuis Alfons, Duggan Brendan, Souza Eduardo, Mason James, Ralph John, Rohlf Paige, Burnside Tim, Kranis Andreas, Bailey Richard
Aviagen Group, Newbridge EH28 8SZ, UK.
Aviagen Ltd., Newbridge EH28 8SZ, UK.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Oct 9;13(19):3150. doi: 10.3390/ani13193150.
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the history of commercial poultry breeding, from domestication to the development of science and commercial breeding structures. The development of breeding goals over time, from mainly focusing on production to broad goals, including bird welfare and health, robustness, environmental impact, biological efficiency and reproduction, is detailed. The paper outlines current breeding goals, including traits (e.g., on foot and leg health, contact dermatitis, gait, cardiovascular health, robustness and livability), recording techniques, their genetic basis and how trait these antagonisms, for example, between welfare and production, are managed. Novel areas like genomic selection and gut health research and their current and potential impact on breeding are highlighted. The environmental impact differences of various genotypes are explained. A future outlook shows that balanced, holistic breeding will continue to enable affordable lean animal protein to feed the world, with a focus on the welfare of the birds and a diversity of choice for the various preferences and cultures across the world.
本文全面概述了商业家禽育种的历史，从驯化到科学及商业育种结构的发展。详细介绍了随着时间推移育种目标的发展，从主要关注生产到涵盖广泛目标，包括家禽福利与健康、强健性、环境影响、生物效率和繁殖能力。本文概述了当前的育种目标，包括性状（如足部和腿部健康、接触性皮炎、步态、心血管健康、强健性和存活率）、记录技术、其遗传基础以及如何处理这些性状之间的拮抗作用，例如福利与生产之间的拮抗。文中强调了基因组选择和肠道健康研究等新领域及其对育种的当前和潜在影响。解释了不同基因型的环境影响差异。未来展望表明，平衡、全面的育种将继续使人们能够以可承受的价格获得瘦肉型动物蛋白来养活世界，同时关注家禽福利，并为世界各地不同偏好和文化提供多样选择。
