Ingrisano Rachele, Tosato Edoardo, Trost Paolo, Gurrieri Libero, Sparla Francesca
Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FaBiT, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Sep 28;12(19):3410. doi: 10.3390/plants12193410.
Proteinogenic amino acids are the building blocks of protein, and plants synthesize all of them. In addition to their importance in plant growth and development, growing evidence underlines the central role played by amino acids and their derivatives in regulating several pathways involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses. In the present review, we illustrate (i) the role of amino acids as an energy source capable of replacing sugars as electron donors to the mitochondrial electron transport chain and (ii) the role of amino acids as precursors of osmolytes as well as (iii) precursors of secondary metabolites. Among the amino acids involved in drought stress response, proline and cysteine play a special role. Besides the large proline accumulation occurring in response to drought stress, proline can export reducing equivalents to sink tissues and organs, and the production of HS deriving from the metabolism of cysteine can mediate post-translational modifications that target protein cysteines themselves. Although our general understanding of microalgae stress physiology is still fragmentary, a general overview of how unicellular photosynthetic organisms deal with salt stress is also provided because of the growing interest in microalgae in applied sciences.
蛋白质氨基酸是蛋白质的组成部分，植物能合成所有这些氨基酸。除了在植物生长发育中的重要性外，越来越多的证据表明氨基酸及其衍生物在调节参与生物和非生物胁迫反应的多种途径中发挥着核心作用。在本综述中，我们阐述了：（i）氨基酸作为一种能量来源，能够替代糖类作为线粒体电子传递链的电子供体的作用；（ii）氨基酸作为渗透调节物质前体的作用；以及（iii）氨基酸作为次生代谢产物前体的作用。在参与干旱胁迫反应的氨基酸中，脯氨酸和半胱氨酸发挥着特殊作用。除了干旱胁迫下大量积累的脯氨酸外，脯氨酸还能将还原当量输出到库组织和器官，并且半胱氨酸代谢产生的HS可以介导针对蛋白质半胱氨酸自身的翻译后修饰。尽管我们对微藻胁迫生理学的总体认识仍然不完整，但由于应用科学领域对微藻的兴趣日益浓厚，本文还提供了单细胞光合生物应对盐胁迫的总体概述。
