Resistance of Modern Russian Winter Wheat Cultivars to Yellow Rust.

Over the last decade, the significance of yellow rust caused by () has substantially increased worldwide, including in Russia. The development and cultivation of resistant genotypes is the most efficient control method. The present study was conducted to explore the yellow rust resistance potential of modern common winter wheat cultivars included in the Russian Register of Breeding Achievements in 2019-2022 using the seedling tests with an array of races and molecular markers linked with resistance genes. Seventy-two winter wheat cultivars were inoculated with five isolates differing in virulence and origin. Molecular markers were used to identify genes , , , , , , , , , and . Thirteen cultivars were resistant to all isolates. The genes , , and that are effective against all Russian races in resistant cultivars were not found. Using molecular methods, gene located in translocation 1BL.1RS was detected in 12 cultivars, gene in 24, gene in 3 and 1AL.1RS translocation with unknown gene in 2. While these genes have lost effectiveness individually, they can still enhance genetic diversity and overall yellow rust resistance, whether used in combination with each other or alongside other genes.