Kokhmetova Alma, Rsaliyev Aralbek, Malysheva Angelina, Atishova Makpal, Kumarbayeva Madina, Keishilov Zhenis
Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan.
Research Institute of Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Oct 26;10(11):2303. doi: 10.3390/plants10112303.
Stripe (yellow) rust, caused by f.sp. (), is a fungal disease that presents one of the most serious threats to the wheat crops, causing severe yield losses worldwide, including Kazakhstan. The objectives of this study were to: (1) evaluate a winter wheat collection for stripe rust resistance during an adult plant growth stage, (2) identify the presence of selected genes using linked molecular markers in wheat germplasm, (3) identify potentially useful resistant wheat genotypes among leading cultivars and advanced breeding lines. This study evaluated 70 winter wheat genotypes for stripe rust resistance. According to the field reactions, 42 entries (60%) had R or MR reactions including 27 breeding lines (38.6%) and 15 (21.4%) cultivars. Twenty-eight breeding lines/cultivars (40.0%) were susceptible in both years. According to the average coefficient of infection value (ACI) six genotypes were regarded as possessing high level of adult plant resistance. Cultivars/lines carrying alone or in combination with other resistance genes provided resistance to stripe rust. Eleven breeding lines showed <5% disease severity in both years. Linked marker analysis revealed the presence of several gene and gene complexes (, , , and ). Among a collection of 70 winter wheat breeding lines and cultivars produced in Kazakhstan three stripe rust resistance genes (, and ) demonstrated high frequency occurrence (31.4%, 14.0% and 7.0%, respectively). The most abundant was gene identified in 22 genotypes. It was followed by the gene, which conferred resistance in 14 lines (20%) and gene-11 lines (15.7%). was identified in 7 genotypes. gene complex was found in 2 entries. Among 70 evaluated germplasm sources, 42 disease resistant entries are potentially useful resistant wheat genotypes. These carriers of different genes can be used directly in breeding programs to improve stripe rust resistance of winter wheat. Marker-assisted selection can be efficiently applied to develop wheat cultivars with effective gene combinations that would directly assist in developing durable resistance in Kazakhstan.
条锈病（黄色锈病）由小麦条锈菌（Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici）引起，是一种真菌病害，对小麦作物构成最严重的威胁之一，在包括哈萨克斯坦在内的全球范围内导致严重的产量损失。本研究的目的是：（1）在成株期评估冬小麦种质资源对条锈病的抗性；（2）利用连锁分子标记鉴定小麦种质中特定基因的存在；（3）在主要品种和先进育种系中鉴定潜在有用的抗条锈病小麦基因型。本研究评估了70个冬小麦基因型对条锈病的抗性。根据田间反应，42个材料（60%）表现为抗病（R）或中抗（MR），包括27个育种系（38.6%）和15个品种（21.4%）。28个育种系/品种（40.0%）在两年中均感病。根据平均感染系数（ACI），6个基因型被认为具有高水平的成株抗性。携带Yr5单独或与其他抗性基因组合的品种/品系对条锈病具有抗性。11个育种系在两年中病害严重程度均小于5%。连锁标记分析揭示了几个Yr基因和基因复合体（Yr5、Yr10、Yr15、Yr7和Yr27）的存在。在哈萨克斯坦培育的70个冬小麦育种系和品种中，三个抗条锈病基因（Yr5、Yr10和Yr7）出现频率较高（分别为31.4%、14.0%和7.0%）。最常见的是Yr5基因，在22个基因型中被鉴定到。其次是Yr10基因，在14个品系（20%）中赋予抗性，Yr7基因在11个品系（15.7%）中被鉴定到。Yr27在7个基因型中被鉴定到。Yr7 + Yr27基因复合体在2个材料中被发现。在70个评估的种质资源中，42个抗病材料是潜在有用的抗条锈病小麦基因型。这些不同Yr基因的携带者可直接用于育种计划，以提高冬小麦对条锈病的抗性。标记辅助选择可有效应用于培育具有有效基因组合的小麦品种，这将直接有助于在哈萨克斯坦培育持久抗性品种。
