Hellenic Food Authority, 124 Kifisias Av. & 2 Iatridou Str., 11526 Athens, Greece.
WHO Athens Quality of Care and Patient Safety Office, Ploutarchou 3, 10675 Athens, Greece.
Nutrients. 2023 Sep 23;15(19):4114. doi: 10.3390/nu15194114.
The association between salt-related knowledge, attitude, behaviour (KAB) and actual salt consumption in Greek adults is uncertain. This study investigates the correlation between salt intake, gauged by 24-h urinary sodium excretion, with salt-related KAB. It further explores how socio-demographic factors influence these behaviors. Salt consumption was evaluated using a 24-h urinary sodium test, and compared to self-reported KAB data. Knowledge and behavior scores related to salt were computed. An overall cohort-adjusted model examined the relationship between daily salt consumption, knowledge and behavior scores, and certain covariates. Through the stratification by the cohort random effect, two models were established (Cohort I Adults; Cohort II Students) examining the same relationships of the overall cohort model. 463 Greek adults participated. The average salt intake was 9.54 g/day, nearly double the WHO recommendation. Significant differences in knowledge scores were noted based on sex, age, education, and BMI. A trend suggesting lower discretionary salt use with increased salt intake was observed ( = 0.06). However, comprehensive analysis revealed no direct correlation between salt intake and either knowledge ( = 0.562) or behavior scores ( = 0.210). The results emphasize the need for food product reforms by industry stakeholders and accelerated efforts towards reducing salt intake.
盐相关知识、态度和行为（KAB）与希腊成年人实际盐摄入量之间的关联尚不确定。本研究旨在调查 24 小时尿钠排泄所衡量的盐摄入量与盐相关 KAB 之间的相关性。此外，本研究还探讨了社会人口因素如何影响这些行为。盐摄入量通过 24 小时尿钠检测进行评估，并与自我报告的 KAB 数据进行比较。计算了与盐相关的知识和行为得分。采用总体队列调整模型，考察了每日盐摄入量、知识和行为得分与某些协变量之间的关系。通过队列随机效应分层，建立了两个模型（队列 I 成人；队列 II 学生），用于检验总体队列模型的相同关系。共有 463 名希腊成年人参与了本研究。平均盐摄入量为 9.54 克/天，几乎是世界卫生组织推荐量的两倍。根据性别、年龄、教育程度和 BMI，知识得分存在显著差异。观察到随着盐摄入量的增加，随意用盐量呈下降趋势（ = 0.06）。然而，综合分析显示盐摄入量与知识得分（ = 0.562）或行为得分（ = 0.210）之间没有直接相关性。研究结果强调了行业利益相关者需要进行食品产品改革，并加速减少盐摄入量的努力。
