Li Yongfei, Zhang Shu, Wang Ying, Qi Guobin, Yu Tao, Xin Xin, Zhao Bin, Chen Gang
Shaanxi University Engineering Research Center of Oil and Gas Field Chemistry, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China.
Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Technology of Oilfields, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China.
Molecules. 2023 Sep 22;28(19):6766. doi: 10.3390/molecules28196766.
Oil is the "blood" and economic lifeblood of modern industry, but traditional light crude oil has been over-consumed, and it has been difficult to meet human demand for energy, so the exploitation of heavy oil is particularly important. In this paper, an oil-soluble catalyst was synthesized to catalyze the pyrolysis reaction of heavy oil in collaboration with reservoir minerals, so as to achieve efficient viscosity reduction of heavy oil and reduce production costs. The experimental results showed that Zn(II)O + K had the best synergistic viscosity reduction effect after the aquathermolysis of No. 1 oil sample under the reaction conditions of 180 °C, 4 h, 30% of water, and 0.2% of catalyst, respectively, and the viscosity reduction rate was 61.74%. Under the catalysis of the isopropanol system, the viscosity reduction rate was increased to 91.22%. A series of characterizations such as freezing point, thermogravimetric analysis, DSC analysis, component analysis, gas chromatography, wax crystal morphology analysis, and GC-MS analysis of aqueous organic matter were carried out on heavy oil after reaction by different reaction systems, and it could be verified that the viscosity of heavy oil was reduced. Finally, through the study of the reaction mechanism of the model compound, combined with the aqueous phase analysis, it can be clearly found that the depolymerization between macromolecules, the breaking of heteroatom chains, hydrogenation, ring opening, and other effects mainly occur during the reaction, thereby weakening the van der Waals force and hydrogen bond of the recombinant interval, inhibiting the formation of grid structure in heavy oil and effectively reducing the viscosity of heavy oil.
石油是现代工业的“血液”和经济命脉，但传统轻质原油已被过度消耗，难以满足人类对能源的需求，因此重油的开采尤为重要。本文合成了一种油溶性催化剂，与储层矿物协同催化重油的热解反应，以实现重油的高效降黏并降低生产成本。实验结果表明，在180℃、4h、30%含水量和0.2%催化剂的反应条件下，1号油样水热裂解后，Zn(II)O + K具有最佳的协同降黏效果，降黏率为61.74%。在异丙醇体系催化下，降黏率提高到91.22%。对不同反应体系反应后的重油进行了凝固点、热重分析、DSC分析、组分分析、气相色谱、蜡晶形态分析以及水相有机物的GC-MS分析等一系列表征，证实了重油黏度降低。最后，通过对模型化合物反应机理的研究，结合水相分析，明确发现反应过程中主要发生大分子间解聚、杂原子链断裂、加氢、开环等作用，从而削弱重组区间的范德华力和氢键，抑制重油中网格结构的形成，有效降低重油黏度。
