Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas Edwards Campus, 12604 Quivira Road, BEST 350X, Overland Park, KS, 66213, USA.
Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2023 Nov;35(11):2633-2641. doi: 10.1007/s40520-023-02575-9. Epub 2023 Oct 14.
It has been established that chronic resistance exercise contributes to positive changes to bone in older adults.
This study evaluated the effect of 6 weeks of resistance exercise with either elastic bands or dumbbells vs. a control period on bone morphology of older adults.
Fifty-seven adults (mean ± SD; age = 66.5 ± 7.09 yrs; height = 165.2 ± 10.6 cm; body mass = 74.5 ± 14.6 kg) were randomized into three groups (dumbbell, elastic, or control). Participants underwent a total body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan for total body and segmental bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) before and following 6-week intervention. Age-matched Z-scores for BMD and BMC were recorded. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVAs and 0.05 significance level.
BMC improved for the dumbbell group (p = 0.016) after the training, with no change in BMD for any group (p > 0.05). Additionally, significant (time x treatment group) interaction (p = 0.024) of age-matched Z-scores indicated an improvement in only the dumbbell group after 6 weeks (p = 0.015), with no change in the elastic group despite them having greater Z-scores than the control group.
This study is the first to demonstrate acute normative adaptations as dumbbell-based programs may promote positive maintenance of bone metrics over 6 weeks, despite the lack of significant change in absolute BMC or BMD.
Adults did not lose relative bone mass with acute exercise using dumbbells as the external load applied and this may lead to positive changes following chronic training. There was no bone-related impact from elastic bands, suggesting a weighted load or force produced relative to gravity is beneficial.
已有研究证实，慢性抗阻运动可使老年人的骨骼发生积极变化。
本研究评估了为期 6 周的抗阻运动（使用橡皮筋或哑铃）与对照组相比对老年人骨骼形态的影响。
57 名成年人（平均 ± 标准差；年龄 = 66.5 ± 7.09 岁；身高 = 165.2 ± 10.6cm；体重 = 74.5 ± 14.6kg）被随机分为三组（哑铃组、橡皮筋组或对照组）。所有参与者在干预前和干预 6 周后均进行全身双能 X 射线吸收法（DXA）扫描，以评估全身和节段骨矿物质含量（BMC）和骨矿物质密度（BMD）。记录与年龄匹配的 BMD 和 BMC 的 Z 分数。使用双因素重复测量方差分析和 0.05 显著性水平对数据进行分析。
训练后哑铃组的 BMC 增加（p = 0.016），而任何组的 BMD 均无变化（p > 0.05）。此外，与年龄匹配的 Z 分数的显著（时间 x 治疗组）交互作用（p = 0.024）表明，仅在 6 周后哑铃组的 Z 分数有所改善（p = 0.015），而橡皮筋组的 Z 分数尽管高于对照组，但没有变化。
本研究首次表明，基于哑铃的方案可能会促进骨骼指标的积极维持，尽管绝对 BMC 或 BMD 没有显著变化，但急性运动可带来正常化适应。
成年人在使用哑铃作为外部负荷进行急性运动时没有丢失相对骨量，这可能会导致慢性训练后发生积极变化。橡皮筋没有对骨骼产生影响，这表明相对于重力产生的加权负荷或力是有益的。
