Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA; Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany.
School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, UK.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2023 Dec;155:105426. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105426. Epub 2023 Oct 13.
Ageing is associated with profound changes in behaviour that could influence exposure and susceptibility to infectious disease. As well as determining emergent patterns of infection across individuals of different ages, behavioural ageing could interact with, confound, or counteract age-related changes in other traits. Here, we examine how behavioural ageing can manifest and influence patterns of infection in wild animals. We discuss a range of age-related changes that involve interactions between behaviour and components of exposure and susceptibility to infection, including social ageing and immunosenescence, acquisition of novel parasites and pathogens with age, changes in spatial behaviours, and age-related hygiene and sickness behaviours. Overall, most behavioural changes are expected to result in a reduced exposure rate, but there is relatively little evidence for this phenomenon, emerging largely from a rarity of explicit tests of exposure changes over the lifespan. This review offers a framework for understanding how ageing, behaviour, immunity, and infection interact, providing a series of hypotheses and testable predictions to improve our understanding of health in ageing societies.
衰老是与行为的深刻变化相关的，这些变化可能会影响传染病的暴露和易感性。除了确定不同年龄段个体的传染病新出现模式外，行为衰老还可能与年龄相关的其他特征变化相互作用、混淆或抵消。在这里，我们研究了行为衰老如何表现并影响野生动物的传染病模式。我们讨论了一系列与行为和暴露及易感性的感染成分之间相互作用相关的年龄相关变化，包括社会衰老和免疫衰老、随着年龄的增长获得新的寄生虫和病原体、空间行为的变化，以及与年龄相关的卫生和疾病行为。总的来说，大多数行为变化预计会导致暴露率降低，但这一现象的证据相对较少，主要来自于对寿命期间暴露变化的明确测试的稀缺性。本综述提供了一个理解衰老、行为、免疫和感染相互作用的框架，提出了一系列假设和可检验的预测，以提高我们对老龄化社会健康的理解。
