School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
Ecol Lett. 2023 Sep;26 Suppl 1:S152-S167. doi: 10.1111/ele.14286.
Growing evidence suggests that temporally fluctuating environments are important in maintaining variation both within and between species. To date, however, studies of genetic variation within a population have been largely conducted by evolutionary biologists (particularly population geneticists), while population and community ecologists have concentrated more on diversity at the species level. Despite considerable conceptual overlap, the commonalities and differences of these two alternative paradigms have yet to come under close scrutiny. Here, we review theoretical and empirical studies in population genetics and community ecology focusing on the 'temporal storage effect' and synthesise theories of diversity maintenance across different levels of biological organisation. Drawing on Chesson's coexistence theory, we explain how temporally fluctuating environments promote the maintenance of genetic variation and species diversity. We propose a further synthesis of the two disciplines by comparing models employing traditional frequency-dependent dynamics and those adopting density-dependent dynamics. We then address how temporal fluctuations promote genetic and species diversity simultaneously via rapid evolution and eco-evolutionary dynamics. Comparing and synthesising ecological and evolutionary approaches will accelerate our understanding of diversity maintenance in nature.
越来越多的证据表明，时变环境对于维持物种内和物种间的变异性很重要。然而，迄今为止，对种群内遗传变异的研究主要由进化生物学家（特别是群体遗传学家）进行，而种群和群落生态学家则更多地关注物种水平的多样性。尽管概念上有很大的重叠，但这两种替代范式的共性和差异尚未受到密切关注。在这里，我们回顾了种群遗传学和群落生态学中的理论和实证研究，重点关注“时间存储效应”，并综合了不同层次生物组织的多样性维持理论。借鉴 Chesson 的共存理论，我们解释了时变环境如何促进遗传变异和物种多样性的维持。我们通过比较采用传统频率依赖动力学和采用密度依赖动力学的模型，提出了这两个学科的进一步综合。然后，我们讨论了时变如何通过快速进化和生态进化动力学来同时促进遗传多样性和物种多样性。比较和综合生态和进化方法将加速我们对自然中多样性维持的理解。
